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Publications (10 of 17) Show all publications
Berge, L. (2023). Missionary Sources and African History: The Case of two Swedish Lutheran Missions (1ed.). In: Karin Pallaver and Uoldelul Dirar (Ed.), Africa as Method. Sources and Epistemologies in the study of Africa’s past: Sources and Epistemologies in the study of Africa’s past. New York: Springer London
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Missionary Sources and African History: The Case of two Swedish Lutheran Missions
2023 (English)In: Africa as Method. Sources and Epistemologies in the study of Africa’s past: Sources and Epistemologies in the study of Africa’s past / [ed] Karin Pallaver and Uoldelul Dirar, New York: Springer London, 2023, 1Chapter in book (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

This article explores contrary tendencies in the missionary sources of the two major Swedish Lutheran missions operating in Africa from around the 1890s to the 1930s: the Swedish Evangelical Mission (SEM) in Eritrea-Ethiopia beginning in 1865 and the Church of Sweden Mission (CSM), from the early 1870s in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The attempt is to shed light on the distinctiveness, the scope and the categorization of different materials and how social and political tendencies are seen in the archival sources. Originating from the Swedish 19th century popular mobilization from below, the SEM was a vehicle for egalitarian ideals and the modernization of society, manifest in its educational endeavours in Eritrea-Ethiopia, but also in a criticism of local, traditional Ethiopian society. The CSM, on the other hand, representing a romanticist-inspired, nationalist folk church movement, had rather been formed against the forces of modernity. In KwaZulu-Natal, the missionaries encouraged Zulu history, culture, ethnic and national unity in the face of an aggressive colonialism and capitalism. The two missions shared the Swedish Lutheran background, but the divergent tendencies of the sources indicate that social and political background overruled both national and confessional belonging as well as the different contexts of their mission fields respectively.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
New York: Springer London, 2023 Edition: 1
Keywords
Swedish missions, modernity, romanticism, nationalism, education
National Category
History
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:du-44681 (URN)
Note

Ännu ej publicerad

Available from: 2022-12-22 Created: 2022-12-22 Last updated: 2023-03-17Bibliographically approved
Berge, L. (2023). Swedish Evangelical Mission, Popular Mobilization for Schooling and Egalitarian ideals in Ethiopia 1868–1935 (1ed.). In: Jean-Luc Martineau, Pierre Guidi, Ellen Vea Rosnes (Ed.), Narratives of education in times of colonization and decolonization in Africa (1920s – 1970s): . Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Swedish Evangelical Mission, Popular Mobilization for Schooling and Egalitarian ideals in Ethiopia 1868–1935
2023 (English)In: Narratives of education in times of colonization and decolonization in Africa (1920s – 1970s) / [ed] Jean-Luc Martineau, Pierre Guidi, Ellen Vea Rosnes, Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers, 2023, 1Chapter in book (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

A fairly large number of the social reformers and intellectual elite that emerged in Ethiopia in the decade before the 1936 Italian occupation - one of the most articulate groups of intellectuals that Ethiopia has ever seen - had a background in the Swedish Evangelical Mission (SEM). After 1936, resistance to Italian Fascist rule appears to have been most intense among those with a Protestant education and particularly those with a SEM schooling. Interestingly, very little is known about the SEM connection. The chapter explores what in the SEM schooling may have promoted the modernizing views. How were egalitarian and democratic ideals born in Swedish 19th century popular movements transmitted to SEM schools? To what extent can literacy be seen as a prime mover in spreading modernizing values? In what way did developments in Ethiopia bounce back to Sweden with new knowledge about the outside world – and thus contribute to the modernization of that country too? The article is inspired by what largely can be characterized as Global history. In my case, this evolves around questions of how disparate regions have been subject to a number of simultaneous cross-cultural and long-distance influences – the proliferation of knowledge, expertise, and ideas between regions and areas. As part of such global entanglements, Swedish missionaries and their counterparts in Africa can be said to have functioned as “portals of globalisation”, serving as entrance points for cultural transfer and global connectedness. In providing the empirical sources, my research draws on previous research on the SEM and the huge collection of source materials provided by the SEM periodicals. My attempt is to demonstrate that the SEM-factor was an essential component when contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of the pre-war Ethiopian modernization and nation building process.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers, 2023 Edition: 1
Keywords
Ethiopia, Swedish Evangelical Mission, Education, Modernization, Egalitarian ideals
National Category
History
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:du-44680 (URN)
Projects
CEPED, CESSMA, France
Note

Ännu ej publicerad

Available from: 2022-12-22 Created: 2022-12-22 Last updated: 2023-03-17Bibliographically approved
Berge, L. (2022). Den nya, moderna människan i det globala samhället. Svensk mission i Sverige och Etiopien ca. 1880–1936 (1ed.). In: Tomas Axelson och Torsten Hylén (Ed.), Den nya människan: Om mänsklighetens ständiga strävan att omskapa sig själv (pp. 77-100). Hedemora: Gidlunds förlag
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Den nya, moderna människan i det globala samhället. Svensk mission i Sverige och Etiopien ca. 1880–1936
2022 (Swedish)In: Den nya människan: Om mänsklighetens ständiga strävan att omskapa sig själv / [ed] Tomas Axelson och Torsten Hylén, Hedemora: Gidlunds förlag, 2022, 1, p. 77-100Chapter in book (Refereed)
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Hedemora: Gidlunds förlag, 2022 Edition: 1
Keywords
Evangeliska fosterlandsstiftelsen, svensk mission, folkrörelse, skola, utbildning, Etiopien
National Category
Philosophy, Ethics and Religion
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:du-44682 (URN)9789178444717 (ISBN)
Available from: 2022-12-22 Created: 2022-12-22 Last updated: 2023-03-17Bibliographically approved
Berge, L. (2022). Swedish and Norwegian Nationalism on Display in Early Twentieth-Century South Africa (1ed.). In: Jan Záhořík and Antonio M. Morone (Ed.), Histories of Nationalism beyond Europe: Myths, Elitism and Transnational Connections (pp. 11-33). Cham: Palgrave Macmillan
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Swedish and Norwegian Nationalism on Display in Early Twentieth-Century South Africa
2022 (English)In: Histories of Nationalism beyond Europe: Myths, Elitism and Transnational Connections / [ed] Jan Záhořík and Antonio M. Morone, Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2022, 1, p. 11-33Chapter in book (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

The chapter analyses how Swedish Lutheran missionary attitudes – both in cultural and political matters – in comparison with those of their Norwegian colleagues can be understood in the light of different nationalist discourses developed at home at the turn of the 19th and early 20th centuries. It explores how the Swedish version of nationalism, emphasising territorial inclusiveness and cultural tolerance at a time of radical changes, materialised in an agenda for an ethnic Zulu folk church. This, necessarily related to topics such as Zulu nation hood, culture, and history but also to the issue of polygyny, condemned by practically all missionaries but indispensable for the survival of the Zulu homestead. While the Swedish missionaries displayed a remarkable broadmindedness in regard to Zulu culture, customs, and history, distinguishing them from contemporary Norwegians and most other missionaries, it was in the contest between white settlers and rebels in the 1906 uprising that the folk church agenda ultimately was put to test. In 1906, most Swedes voiced and acted in accordance with the Lutheran concept of obedience to the authorities and the essentially conservative aspect of Swedish nationalism, aiming at status quo against the forces of social change. The views most contrasting to those held by a majority of Swedish missionaries were those conveyed by the Norwegians. Backed by the nationalist fervour lingering after the dissolution of the Swedish-Norwegian union in 1905, the Norwegians expressed a strikingly different and compassionate attitude towards Zulu nationalism and the aspired independence. The article argues that it is only towards the background of the diverse versions of nationalism developed in the two countries that the Norwegian and Swedish missionaries' essentially opposing attitudes towards the uprising can be understood. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2022 Edition: 1
Series
Palgrave Studies in Political History
Keywords
Swedish nationalism, Norwegian nationalism, Zulu nationalism, Lutheran, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
National Category
History
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:du-44683 (URN)10.1007/978-3-030-92676-2 (DOI)978-3-030-92676-2 (ISBN)
Available from: 2022-12-22 Created: 2022-12-22 Last updated: 2023-03-17Bibliographically approved
Berge, L. (2021). Lars Folke Berge: Swedish Evangelical Mission, Popular Mobilization for Schooling and Egalitarian ideals in Ethiopia 1868-1935.. In: Journées d’Etude Internationales (4 et 5 mai 2021). Université de Paris, Site Denis Diderot, Paris.: . Paper presented at Politiques scolaires, écoles et publics scolaires en Afrique sub-saharienne (milieu XIXe siècle - années 1970) Session 2021. (pp. 1).
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Lars Folke Berge: Swedish Evangelical Mission, Popular Mobilization for Schooling and Egalitarian ideals in Ethiopia 1868-1935.
2021 (English)In: Journées d’Etude Internationales (4 et 5 mai 2021). Université de Paris, Site Denis Diderot, Paris., 2021, p. 1-Conference paper, Oral presentation with published abstract (Refereed)
Keywords
Ethiopia, Swedish Evangelical Mission, Education, Modernization, Egalitarian ideals
National Category
History
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:du-39078 (URN)
Conference
Politiques scolaires, écoles et publics scolaires en Afrique sub-saharienne (milieu XIXe siècle - années 1970) Session 2021.
Available from: 2021-12-16 Created: 2021-12-16 Last updated: 2023-04-14Bibliographically approved
Berge, L. (2020). Ethiopia in Swedish Press in the Run-up to the Italo-Ethiopian War, 1935/36 (1ed.). In: Holger Weiss (Ed.), Locating the Global: Spaces, Networks and Interactions from the Seventeenth to the Twentieth Century (pp. 315-328). De Gruyter Oldenbourg
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Ethiopia in Swedish Press in the Run-up to the Italo-Ethiopian War, 1935/36
2020 (English)In: Locating the Global: Spaces, Networks and Interactions from the Seventeenth to the Twentieth Century / [ed] Holger Weiss, De Gruyter Oldenbourg , 2020, 1, p. 315-328Chapter in book (Refereed)
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
De Gruyter Oldenbourg, 2020 Edition: 1
National Category
History
Research subject
Research Profiles 2009-2020, Intercultural Studies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:du-29164 (URN)10.1515/9783110670714-013 (DOI)2-s2.0-85095922260 (Scopus ID)978-3-11-067066-0 (ISBN)978-3-11-067075-2 (ISBN)
Available from: 2018-12-20 Created: 2018-12-20 Last updated: 2021-11-12Bibliographically approved
Berge, L. (2019). Swedish and Norwegian nationalism exposed among Lutheran missionaries during the 1906-07 Uprising in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (1ed.). In: Andrea Kökeny and Jan Záhořík (Ed.), Global and Local Perspectives on Nationalism in Modern and Contemporary History: Limits and Challenges of Nationalist Movements. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Swedish and Norwegian nationalism exposed among Lutheran missionaries during the 1906-07 Uprising in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
2019 (English)In: Global and Local Perspectives on Nationalism in Modern and Contemporary History: Limits and Challenges of Nationalist Movements / [ed] Andrea Kökeny and Jan Záhořík, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press , 2019, 1Chapter in book (Refereed)
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2019 Edition: 1
Keywords
Swedish Nationalism, Lutheran Missionaries, Zulu Rebellion, South Africa, African History
National Category
History
Research subject
Research Profiles 2009-2020, Intercultural Studies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:du-29167 (URN)
Note

Ännu ej publicerad

Available from: 2018-12-20 Created: 2018-12-20 Last updated: 2021-11-12Bibliographically approved
Berge, L. (2019). Swedish Evangelical Mission Educational Policies and Schooling in Ethiopia 1868-1935. In: Pierre Guidi, Jean-Luc Martineau et Florence Wenzek (Ed.), Journée d’étude internationale / International Workshop 9 mai 2019 Université Paris Diderot: . Paper presented at Politiques scolaires, écoles et publics scolaires de la colonisation aux indépendances (mi-XIXe siècle - années 1970) (pp. 1). Paris
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Swedish Evangelical Mission Educational Policies and Schooling in Ethiopia 1868-1935
2019 (English)In: Journée d’étude internationale / International Workshop 9 mai 2019 Université Paris Diderot / [ed] Pierre Guidi, Jean-Luc Martineau et Florence Wenzek, Paris, 2019, p. 1-Conference paper, Oral presentation with published abstract (Refereed)
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Paris: , 2019
Keywords
Ethiopia, Swedish Evangelical Mission, Education, Modernization, Intellectuals
National Category
History
Research subject
Research Profiles 2009-2020, Intercultural Studies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:du-39077 (URN)
Conference
Politiques scolaires, écoles et publics scolaires de la colonisation aux indépendances (mi-XIXe siècle - années 1970)
Available from: 2021-12-16 Created: 2021-12-16 Last updated: 2021-12-20Bibliographically approved
Berge, L. (2017). Abessinienkampanjen i svensk press 1935-36. In: Svenska historiska föreningen (Ed.), Svenska historikermötet 2017: . Paper presented at Svenska historikermötet 2017. Sundsvall
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Abessinienkampanjen i svensk press 1935-36
2017 (Swedish)In: Svenska historikermötet 2017 / [ed] Svenska historiska föreningen, Sundsvall, 2017Conference paper, Oral presentation only (Other academic)
Abstract [sv]

Abessinienkampanjen i svensk press 1935-36 handlar om hur svensk allmänhet genom media för första gången möter och, på grund av det brutala italienska angreppskriget, kommer att identifiera sig med ett samhälle och en kultur långt bortom det kända Västerlandet. Men det handlar också om att nyansera och fördjupa bilden av svensk identitet och Sverige som en medveten del av det internationella samfundet – före kalla krigets bipolära värld och 1960-talets politiska radikalism.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Sundsvall: , 2017
Keywords
Sverige, mellankrigstiden, press, opinionsbildning, Afrika, 1935, Det andra Italiensk-etiopiska kriget
National Category
History and Archaeology
Research subject
Research Profiles 2009-2020, Intercultural Studies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:du-26603 (URN)
Conference
Svenska historikermötet 2017
Available from: 2017-11-23 Created: 2017-11-23 Last updated: 2021-11-12Bibliographically approved
Berge, L. (2017). Swedish Evangelical Mission and Ethiopian Intellectuals (1930’s): Westernization and Nationalism before war with Italy in 1935. In: : . Paper presented at Séminaire Groupe Afrique Océan Indien. Les sources de l’histoire et leur renouvellement. Centre d’études en sciences sociales sur les mondes africains, américains et asiatiques est une unité mixte de recherche: l’Université Paris Diderot, Paris 2017-03-06. Paris
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Swedish Evangelical Mission and Ethiopian Intellectuals (1930’s): Westernization and Nationalism before war with Italy in 1935
2017 (English)Conference paper, Oral presentation only (Other academic)
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Paris: , 2017
Keywords
Intellectuals, elite, Ethiopia, nationalism, Swedish Evangelical Mission
National Category
History
Research subject
Research Profiles 2009-2020, Intercultural Studies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:du-26604 (URN)
Conference
Séminaire Groupe Afrique Océan Indien. Les sources de l’histoire et leur renouvellement. Centre d’études en sciences sociales sur les mondes africains, américains et asiatiques est une unité mixte de recherche: l’Université Paris Diderot, Paris 2017-03-06
Available from: 2017-11-23 Created: 2017-11-23 Last updated: 2021-11-12Bibliographically approved
Organisations
Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0002-2161-4920

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