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Wedholm, Lars
Publications (9 of 9) Show all publications
Xuan, X., Chen, C., Molinero-Fernandez, A., Ekelund, E., Cardinale, D., Swarén, M., . . . Crespo, G. A. (2023). Fully Integrated Wearable Device for Continuous Sweat Lactate Monitoring in Sports. ACS Sensors, 8(6), 2401-2409
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Fully Integrated Wearable Device for Continuous Sweat Lactate Monitoring in Sports
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2023 (English)In: ACS Sensors, E-ISSN 2379-3694, Vol. 8, no 6, p. 2401-2409Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The chemical digitalization of sweat using wearable sensing interfaces is an attractive alternative to traditional blood-based protocols in sports. Although sweat lactate has been claimed to be a relevant biomarker in sports, an analytically validated wearable system to prove that has not yet been developed. We present a fully integrated sweat lactate sensing system applicable to in situ perspiration analysis. The device can be conveniently worn in the skin to monitor real-time sweat lactate during sports, such as cycling and kayaking. The novelty of the system is threefold: advanced microfluidics design for sweat collection and analysis, an analytically validated lactate biosensor based on a rational design of an outer diffusion-limiting membrane, and an integrated circuit for signal processing with a custom smartphone application. The sensor covering the range expected for lactate in sweat (1-20 mM), with appropriate sensitivity (-12.5 ± 0.53 nA mM-1), shows an acceptable response time (<90 s), and the influence of changes in pH, temperature, and flow rate are neglectable. Also, the sensor is analytically suitable with regard to reversibility, resilience, and reproducibility. The sensing device is validated through a relatively high number of on-body tests performed with elite athletes cycling and kayaking in controlled environments. Correlation outcomes between sweat lactate and other physiological indicators typically accessible in sports laboratories (blood lactate, perceived exhaustion, heart rate, blood glucose, respiratory quotient) are also presented and discussed in relation to the sport performance monitoring capability of continuous sweat lactate.

National Category
Medical Biotechnology Sport and Fitness Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:du-46152 (URN)10.1021/acssensors.3c00708 (DOI)001003383700001 ()37289663 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85163553597 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Swedish Research Council, 2017-4887Swedish Research Council, 2019-04142KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyOlle Engkvists stiftelse, 204-0214
Available from: 2023-06-11 Created: 2023-06-11 Last updated: 2024-03-05Bibliographically approved
Xuan, X., Chen, C., Pérez‐Ràfols, C., Swarén, M., Wedholm, L., Cuartero, M. & Crespo, G. A. (2022). A Wearable Biosensor for Sweat Lactate as a Proxy for Sport Performance Monitoring. Analysis & Sensing, 3(4), Article ID e202200047.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>A Wearable Biosensor for Sweat Lactate as a Proxy for Sport Performance Monitoring
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2022 (English)In: Analysis & Sensing, E-ISSN 2629-2742, Vol. 3, no 4, article id e202200047Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

In the last decade, sport performance assessment has significantly transformed due to the appearance of disruptive technologies. Subjective pen and paper notations have evolved into advanced wearable sensing systems that acquire performance-related data. The selection of adequate performance metric variables always causes a debate in sport physiology, and this becomes more relevant once new biochemical indicators are proposed, such as sweat lactate. Here, we analyze the correlation of real-time sweat lactate, obtained with a validated wearable biosensor, with the typical physiological parameters often recorded in sports laboratories (e. g., blood lactate, Borg scale for the rating of perceived exertion, heart rate, power output, blood glucose, and respiratory quotient). We found that the heart rate, power output, Borg scale, and blood lactate relate to sweat lactate in independent individuals during cycling activity. Hence, we demonstrate the potential to associate non-invasive, quantitative, and personalized analysis with sport practice.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft, 2022
Keywords
Blood Lactate Correlation, Exertion Correlation, Sweat Lactate Analysis, Sports Performance, Wearable Biosensor
National Category
Medical Biotechnology Sport and Fitness Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:du-46149 (URN)10.1002/anse.202200047 (DOI)001063212900001 ()
Funder
KTH Royal Institute of TechnologySwedish Research Council, VR-2017-4887Swedish Research Council, VR-2019-04142
Available from: 2023-06-11 Created: 2023-06-11 Last updated: 2023-11-09Bibliographically approved
Carlsson, T., Fjordell, W., Wedholm, L., Swarén, M. & Carlsson, M. (2022). The Modern Double-Poling Technique Is Not More Energy Efficient Than the Old-Fashioned Double-Poling Technique at a Submaximal Work Intensity. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 4, Article ID 850541.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The Modern Double-Poling Technique Is Not More Energy Efficient Than the Old-Fashioned Double-Poling Technique at a Submaximal Work Intensity
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2022 (English)In: Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, E-ISSN 2624-9367, Vol. 4, article id 850541Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The purpose of the study was to investigate whether there are energy-efficiency differences between the execution of the old-fashioned double-poling technique (DPOLD) and the modern double-poling technique (DPMOD) at a submaximal work intensity among elite male cross-country skiers. Fifteen elite male cross-country skiers completed two 4-min tests at a constant mechanical work rate (MWR) using the DPMOD and DPOLD. During the last minute of each test, the mean oxygen uptake (VO2) and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were analyzed, from which the metabolic rate (MR) and gross efficiency (GE) were calculated. In addition, the difference between pretest and posttest blood-lactate concentrations (BLadiff) was determined. For each technique, skiers’ joint angles (i.e., heel, ankle, knee, hip, shoulder, and elbow) were analyzed at the highest and lowest positions during the double-poling cycle. Paired-samples t-tests were used to investigate differences between DPMOD and DPOLD outcomes. There were no significant differences in either VO2mean, MR, GE, or BLadiff (all P > 0.05) between the DPMOD and DPOLD tests. DPMOD execution was associated with a higher RER (P < 0.05). Significant technique-specific differences were found in either the highest and/or the lowest position for all six analyzed joint angles (all P < 0.001). Hence, despite decades of double-poling technique development, which is reflected in the significant biomechanical differences between DPOLD and DPMOD execution, at submaximal work intensity, the modern technique is not more energy efficient than the old-fashioned technique. 

Keywords
cross-country skiing, gross efficiency, oxygen uptake, blood lactate concentration, biomechanical analysis, kinematics, double poling
National Category
Sport and Fitness Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:du-41451 (URN)10.3389/fspor.2022.850541 (DOI)000804997800001 ()35663501 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85131534228 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2022-05-18 Created: 2022-05-18 Last updated: 2023-03-17Bibliographically approved
Högman, M., Wedholm, L., Carlsson, T., Carlsson, M. & Tonkonogi, M. (2021). Differences in nitric oxide airway diffusion after maximum oxygen uptake test in asthmatic and nonasthmatic elite junior cross-country skiers. ERJ Open Research, 7(1), Article ID 00378-2020.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Differences in nitric oxide airway diffusion after maximum oxygen uptake test in asthmatic and nonasthmatic elite junior cross-country skiers
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2021 (English)In: ERJ Open Research, E-ISSN 2312-0541, Vol. 7, no 1, article id 00378-2020Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Asthma is common in cross-country skiers and is often treated with ß2-agonists and inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). Exhaled nitric oxide is often used to guide ICS treatment in asthma. This study investigated the change in the pulmonary NO dynamics before and after a maximum oxygen uptake (V̇O2-max) test.An extended NO analysis was performed among Swedish elite junior cross-country skiers (n=25), with and without declared asthma, before and after a V̇O2-max test using roller skis. Asthma was declared by six boys and two girls among whom five occasionally used ICS.There were no differences in the baseline NO parameters between those with and without declared asthma. The diffusion capacity over airway wall (DawNO) was 21 (17,25) mL·s−1 (median, quartiles), which is much increased for this age group. After the V̇O2-max test, there were statistically significant differences from the baseline fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO50), NO-flux from airways, DawNO and alveolar NO values; but not in the NO content in airway wall (CawNO) for all subjects together as one group. However, in the asthma group, differences were only seen in the FENO50 and in CawNO.Interestingly, a majority of the subjects had an increase in the DawNO. An increase in DawNO has been found with allergic asthma together with elevated CawNO. The skiers did not have elevated CawNO, which indicates an absence of inflammation in the airway wall. Modelling of lung NO production clearly shows that the asthma among our skiers is distinct from the allergic asthma in non-athletes.

National Category
Respiratory Medicine and Allergy Sport and Fitness Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:du-36254 (URN)10.1183/23120541.00378-2020 (DOI)000642370600010 ()33748263 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85111734332 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2021-03-02 Created: 2021-03-02 Last updated: 2023-04-14Bibliographically approved
Carlsson, T., Wedholm, L., Fjordell, W., Swarén, M. & Carlsson, M. (2021). Effect of sub‑technique transitions on energy expenditure and physiological load in the classical‑style technique among elite male cross‑country skiers. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 121(11), 3201-3209
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Effect of sub‑technique transitions on energy expenditure and physiological load in the classical‑style technique among elite male cross‑country skiers
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2021 (English)In: European Journal of Applied Physiology, ISSN 1439-6319, E-ISSN 1439-6327, Vol. 121, no 11, p. 3201-3209Article in journal (Refereed) Published
National Category
Sport and Fitness Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:du-37972 (URN)10.1007/s00421-021-04783-5 (DOI)000685747400001 ()34402986 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85112683012 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2021-08-25 Created: 2021-08-25 Last updated: 2023-04-14Bibliographically approved
Högman, M., Wedholm, L., Carlsson, T., Carlsson, M. & Tonkonogi, M. (2021). Längdskidåkare med eller utan astmadiagnos har ökad diffusion för NO från luftrören. In: : . Paper presented at Svenska Lungkongressen, 4-6 maj 2021, Umeå, virtuell konferens.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Längdskidåkare med eller utan astmadiagnos har ökad diffusion för NO från luftrören
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2021 (Swedish)Conference paper, Oral presentation with published abstract (Refereed)
National Category
Sport and Fitness Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:du-42852 (URN)
Conference
Svenska Lungkongressen, 4-6 maj 2021, Umeå, virtuell konferens
Available from: 2022-10-17 Created: 2022-10-17 Last updated: 2023-03-17Bibliographically approved
Högman, M., Wedholm, L., Carlsson, T., Carlsson, M. & Tonkonogi, M. (2020). Skiers with or without asthma have increased airway diffusion rate of NO from the airways. European Respiratory Journal, 56, Article ID 2410.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Skiers with or without asthma have increased airway diffusion rate of NO from the airways
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2020 (English)In: European Respiratory Journal, ISSN 0903-1936, E-ISSN 1399-3003, Vol. 56, article id 2410Article in journal, Meeting abstract (Other academic) Published
Keywords
Asthma - management, Asthma - diagnosis, Nitric oxide
National Category
Respiratory Medicine and Allergy
Research subject
Research Profiles 2009-2020, Health and Welfare
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:du-36794 (URN)10.1183/13993003.congress-2020.2410 (DOI)000606501404402 ()
Available from: 2021-05-06 Created: 2021-05-06 Last updated: 2021-11-12Bibliographically approved
Högman, M., Wedholm, L., Carlsson, T., Carlsson, M. & Tonkonogi, M. (2020). Skiers with or without asthma have increased airway diffusion rate of NO from the airways. In: : . Paper presented at European Respiratory Society International Congress, 7-9 september, 2020.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Skiers with or without asthma have increased airway diffusion rate of NO from the airways
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2020 (English)Conference paper, Oral presentation with published abstract (Refereed)
National Category
Health Sciences
Research subject
Research Profiles 2009-2020, Health and Welfare
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:du-33871 (URN)
Conference
European Respiratory Society International Congress, 7-9 september, 2020
Available from: 2020-06-13 Created: 2020-06-13 Last updated: 2021-11-12Bibliographically approved
Carlsson, T., Wedholm, L., Nilsson, J. & Carlsson, M. (2017). The effects of strength training versus ski-ergometer training on double-poling capacity of elite junior cross-country skiers. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 117(8), 1523-1532
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The effects of strength training versus ski-ergometer training on double-poling capacity of elite junior cross-country skiers
2017 (English)In: European Journal of Applied Physiology, ISSN 1439-6319, E-ISSN 1439-6327, Vol. 117, no 8, p. 1523-1532Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Purpose

To compare the effects of strength training versus ski-ergometer training on double-poling gross efficiency (GE), maximal speed (Vmax), peak oxygen uptake (V&#x02D9;O2peak" role="presentation" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-table; line-height: normal; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: normal; word-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;">V˙O2peakV˙O2peak) for elite male and female junior cross-country skiers.

Methods

Thirty-three elite junior cross-country skiers completed a 6-week training-intervention period with two additional 40-min training sessions per week. The participants were matched in pairs and within each pair randomly assigned to either a strength-training group (STR) or a ski-ergometer-training group (ERG). Before and after the intervention, the participants completed three treadmill roller-skiing tests to determine GE, Vmax, and V&#x02D9;O2peak" role="presentation" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-table; line-height: normal; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: normal; word-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;">V˙O2peakV˙O2peak. Mixed between-within subjects analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to evaluate differences between and within groups. Paired samples t tests were used as post hoc tests to investigate within-group differences.

Results

Both groups improved their Vmax and V&#x02D9;O2peak" role="presentation" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-table; line-height: normal; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: normal; word-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;">V˙O2peakV˙O2peak expressed absolutely (all P < 0.01). For the gender-specific sub-groups, it was found that the female skiers in both groups improved both Vmax and V&#x02D9;O2peak" role="presentation" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-table; line-height: normal; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: normal; word-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;">V˙O2peakV˙O2peak expressed absolutely (all P < 0.05), whereas the only within-group differences found for the men were improvements of Vmax in the STR group. No between-group differences were found for any of the investigated variables.

Conclusions

Physiological and performance-related variables of importance for skiers were improved for both training regimes. The results demonstrate that the female skiers’ physiological adaptations to training, in general, were greater than those of the men. The magnitude of the physiological adaptations was similar for both training regimes.

Keywords
Cross-country skiing; VO2peak; double polnig; gross efficiency; maximal speed; gendeer differences
National Category
Sport and Fitness Sciences
Research subject
Research Profiles 2009-2020, Health and Welfare
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:du-25100 (URN)10.1007/s00421-017-3621-1 (DOI)000407726800001 ()28597103 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85020383219 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2017-06-05 Created: 2017-06-05 Last updated: 2021-11-12Bibliographically approved
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