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Data based Calibration System for Radar used by Vehicle Activated Signs
Högskolan Dalarna, Akademin Industri och samhälle, Datateknik.ORCID-id: 0000-0001-6526-6537
Högskolan Dalarna, Akademin Industri och samhälle, Datateknik.
Högskolan Dalarna, Akademin Industri och samhälle, Datateknik.
Högskolan Dalarna, Akademin Industri och samhälle, Byggteknik.
2014 (engelsk)Inngår i: Journal of Data Analysis and Information Processing, ISSN 2327-7203, nr 2, s. 11s. 106-116Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
Abstract [en]

The accurate measurement of a vehicle’s velocity is an essential feature in adaptive vehicle activated sign systems. Since the velocities of the vehicles are acquired from a continuous wave Doppler radar, the data collection becomes challenging. Data accuracy is sensitive to the calibration of the radar on the road. However, clear methodologies for in-field calibration have not been carefully established. The signs are often installed by subjective judgment which results in measurement errors. This paper develops a calibration method based on mining the data collected and matching individual vehicles travelling between two radars. The data was cleaned and prepared in two ways: cleaning and reconstructing. The results showed that the proposed correction factor derived from the cleaned data corresponded well with the experimental factor done on site. In addition, this proposed factor showed superior performance to the one derived from the reconstructed data.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
Scientific Research Publishing, 2014. nr 2, s. 11s. 106-116
Emneord [en]
Vehicle activated signs, Doppler radar, vehicle velocity, experiment, calibration
HSV kategori
Forskningsprogram
Forskningsprofiler 2009-2020, Komplexa system - mikrodataanalys
Identifikatorer
URN: urn:nbn:se:du-16267DOI: 10.4236/jdaip.2014.24013OAI: oai:DiVA.org:du-16267DiVA, id: diva2:758647
Prosjekter
Allmänt Mikrodataaanalys - transporterTilgjengelig fra: 2014-10-27 Laget: 2014-10-27 Sist oppdatert: 2021-11-12bibliografisk kontrollert
Inngår i avhandling
1. The Optimal trigger speed of vehicle activated signs
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>The Optimal trigger speed of vehicle activated signs
2014 (engelsk)Licentiatavhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
Abstract [en]

The thesis aims to elaborate on the optimum trigger speed for Vehicle Activated Signs (VAS) and to study the effectiveness of VAS trigger speed on drivers’ behaviour. Vehicle activated signs (VAS) are speed warning signs that are activated by individual vehicle when the driver exceeds a speed threshold. The threshold, which triggers the VAS, is commonly based on a driver speed, and accordingly, is called a trigger speed. At present, the trigger speed activating the VAS is usually set to a constant value and does not consider the fact that an optimal trigger speed might exist. The optimal trigger speed significantly impacts driver behaviour.

In order to be able to fulfil the aims of this thesis, systematic vehicle speed data were collected from field experiments that utilized Doppler radar. Further calibration methods for the radar used in the experiment have been developed and evaluated to provide accurate data for the experiment. The calibration method was bidirectional; consisting of data cleaning and data reconstruction. The data cleaning calibration had a superior performance than the calibration based on the reconstructed data.

To study the effectiveness of trigger speed on driver behaviour, the collected data were analysed by both descriptive and inferential statistics. Both descriptive and inferential statistics showed that the change in trigger speed had an effect on vehicle mean speed and on vehicle standard deviation of the mean speed. When the trigger speed was set near the speed limit, the standard deviation was high. Therefore, the choice of trigger speed cannot be based solely on the speed limit at the proposed VAS location.

The optimal trigger speeds for VAS were not considered in previous studies. As well, the relationship between the trigger value and its consequences under different conditions were not clearly stated. The finding from this thesis is that the optimal trigger speed should be primarily based on lowering the standard deviation rather than lowering the mean speed of vehicles. Furthermore, the optimal trigger speed should be set near the 85th percentile speed, with the goal of lowering the standard deviation.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
Borlänge: Dalarna University, 2014
Serie
Dalarna Licentiate Theses ; 2
Emneord
optimal trigger speed, vehicle activated sign, vehicle mean speed, standard deviation, calibration, Doppler radar, driver behaviour, data analysis
HSV kategori
Forskningsprogram
Forskningsprofiler 2009-2020, Komplexa system - mikrodataanalys
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:du-17538 (URN)978-91-89020-91-7 (ISBN)
Tilgjengelig fra: 2015-05-26 Laget: 2015-05-26 Sist oppdatert: 2023-03-17bibliografisk kontrollert
2. A data driven approach for automating vehicle activated signs
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>A data driven approach for automating vehicle activated signs
2016 (engelsk)Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
Abstract [en]

Vehicle activated signs (VAS) display a warning message when drivers exceed a particular threshold. VAS are often installed on local roads to display a warning message depending on the speed of the approaching vehicles. VAS are usually powered by electricity; however, battery and solar powered VAS are also commonplace. This thesis investigated devel-opment of an automatic trigger speed of vehicle activated signs in order to influence driver behaviour, the effect of which has been measured in terms of reduced mean speed and low standard deviation. A comprehen-sive understanding of the effectiveness of the trigger speed of the VAS on driver behaviour was established by systematically collecting data. Specif-ically, data on time of day, speed, length and direction of the vehicle have been collected for the purpose, using Doppler radar installed at the road. A data driven calibration method for the radar used in the experiment has also been developed and evaluated.

Results indicate that trigger speed of the VAS had variable effect on driv-ers’ speed at different sites and at different times of the day. It is evident that the optimal trigger speed should be set near the 85th percentile speed, to be able to lower the standard deviation. In the case of battery and solar powered VAS, trigger speeds between the 50th and 85th per-centile offered the best compromise between safety and power consump-tion. Results also indicate that different classes of vehicles report differ-ences in mean speed and standard deviation; on a highway, the mean speed of cars differs slightly from the mean speed of trucks, whereas a significant difference was observed between the classes of vehicles on lo-cal roads. A differential trigger speed was therefore investigated for the sake of completion. A data driven approach using Random forest was found to be appropriate in predicting trigger speeds respective to types of vehicles and traffic conditions. The fact that the predicted trigger speed was found to be consistently around the 85th percentile speed justifies the choice of the automatic model.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
Borlänge: Dalarna University, 2016
Serie
Dalarna Doctoral Dissertations ; 4
Emneord
Optimal trigger speed, vehicle activated sign, mean speed, standard deviation, calibration, driver behaviour, data driven approach, automatic model
HSV kategori
Forskningsprogram
Forskningsprofiler 2009-2020, Komplexa system - mikrodataanalys
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:du-21504 (URN)978-91-89020-96-2 (ISBN)
Disputas
2016-06-16, Clas Ohlson, Borlänge, 13:00 (engelsk)
Veileder
Tilgjengelig fra: 2016-05-30 Laget: 2016-05-30 Sist oppdatert: 2023-03-17bibliografisk kontrollert

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