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Bonding Ability Distribution of Fibers in Mechanical Pulp Furnishes
Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, teknik och matematik (-2012).ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7674-8862
2008 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This thesis presents a method of measuring the distribution of fiber bonding ability in mechanical pulp furnishes. The method is intended for industrial use, where today only average values are used to describe fiber bonding ability, despite the differences in morphology of the fibers entering the mill. Fiber bonding ability in this paper refers to the mechanical fiber’s flexibility and ability to form large contact areas to other fibers, characteristics required for good paper surfaces and strength.

Five mechanical pulps (Pulps A-E), all produced in different processes from Norway spruce (Picea Abies) were fractionated in hydrocyclones with respect to the fiber bonding ability. Five streams were formed from the hydrocyclone fractionation, Streams 1-5. Each stream plus the feed (Stream 0) was fractionated according to fiber length in a Bauer McNett classifier to compare the fibers at equal fiber lengths (Bauer McNett screens 16, 30, 50, and 100 mesh were used).

Stream 1 was found to have the highest fiber bonding ability, evaluated as tensile strength and apparent density of long fiber laboratory sheets. External fibrillation and collapse resistance index measured in FiberLabTM, an optical measurement device, also showed this result. Stream 5 was found to have the lowest fiber bonding ability, with a consecutively falling scale between Stream 1 and Stream 5. The results from acoustic emission measurements and cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy analysis concluded the same pattern. The amount of fibers in each hydrocyclone stream was also regarded as a measure of the fibers’ bonding ability in each pulp.

The equation for predicted Bonding Indicator (BIN) was calculated by combining, through linear regression, the collapse resistance index and external fibrillation of the P16/R30 fractions for Pulps A and B. Predicted Bonding Indicator was found to correlate well with measured tensile strength. The BIN-equation was then applied also to the data for Pulps C-E, P16/R30, and Pulp A-E, P30/R50, and predicted Bonding Indicator showed good correlations with tensile strength also for these fibers.

From the fiber raw data measured by the FiberLabTM instrument, the BIN-equation was used for each individual fiber. This made it possible to calculate a BIN-distribution of the fibers, that is, a distribution of fiber bonding ability.

The thesis also shows how the BIN-distributions of fibers can be derived from FiberLabTM measurements of the entire pulp without mechanically separating the fibers by length first, for example in a Bauer McNett classifier. This is of great importance, as the method is intended for industrial use, and possibly as an online-method. Hopefully, the BIN-method will become a useful tool for process evaluations and optimizations in the future.

Abstract [sv]

Den här studien presenterar en metod för att mäta fördelning av fiberbindning i mekaniska massor. Metoden hoppas kunna användas industriellt, där i dagsläget enbart medelvärden används för att mäta fiberbindnings-fördelning, trots råvarans (fibrernas) morfologiska skillnader. 

Fem mekaniska massor (Massa A-E) från olika massaprocesser men från samma råvara, norsk gran (Picea Abies), har fraktionerats i hydrocykloner med avseende på fiberbindningsförmåga. Från hydrocyklon-fraktioneringen bildades fem strömmar, Ström 1-5. Varje ström plus injektet (Ström 0) fraktionerades också med avseende på fiberlängd i en Bauer McNett för att kunna jämföra fibrerna vid samma fiberlängd (Bauer McNett silplåtarna 16, 30, 50 och 100 mesh användes).

Fiberbindingsförmåga i den här studien härrör till fiberns flexibilitet och förmåga att skapa stora kontaktytor med andra fibrer, vilket bidrar till papprets yt- och styrkeegenskaper.

Ström 1 visade sig ha den högsta fiberbindningsförmågan, utvärderat som dragstyrka och densitet av långfiberark, samt yttre fibrillering och kollaps resistans index mätt i den optiska analysatorn FiberLabTM. Akustisk emission och tvärsnittsanalyser visade samma resultat. Ström 5 visade sig ha den lägsta fiberbindningsförmågan, med en avtagande skala från Ström 1 till Ström 5. Andelen fibrer från injektet som gick ut med varje hydrocyklon-ström ansågs också vara ett mått på fibrernas bindningsförmåga i varje massa.

Genom att kombinera fiberegenskaperna kollaps resistans och yttre fibrillering från den optiska mätningen på varje fiber genom linjär regression, kunde Bindnings Indikator (BIN) predikteras. Medelvärdet av Bindnings Indikator för varje hydrocyklon-ström korrelerar med dragstyrka för långfiber-labark. 

Det visade sig att predikterad Bindnings Indikator inte bara fungerade för Massa A och Massa B P16/R30 fraktionen, som var de fraktioner som användes i den linjära regressionen, utan även för Massa C-E, P16/R30, och Massa A-E P30/R50 som också visade goda korrelationer med långfiber-dragstyrka när de sattes in i BIN-formeln.

BIN-formeln användes sedan för varje enskild fiber, i den rådata som levererats från FiberLabTM. Detta gjorde det möjligt att få en BIN-distribution av fibrerna, d.v.s. en fördelning av fiberbindningsförmåga.

Den här rapporten visar också hur det går att få BIN-distributioner också från mätningar på hela massan, för valbara fiberlängder, utan att först mekaniskt separera massan efter fiberlängd. Det är viktigt, då metoden är tänkt att användas som en industriell metod, och eventuellt som en online-metod. Förhoppningsvis kommer BIN-metoden att bli ett användbart verktyg för processutveckling- och optimering i framtiden.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Sundsvall: FSCN - Fibre Science and Communication Network , 2008. , p. 91
Keywords [en]
Fiber, mechanical pulp, bonding ability, fiber characterization, Bonding Indicator, BIN, acoustic emission, hydrocyclone, Fiberlab, collapse resistance, fibrillation
Keywords [sv]
Fiber, mekanisk massa, bindningsförmåga, fiber karakterisering, Bindnings Indikator, BIN, akustisk emission, hydrocyklon, Fiberlab, kollaps resistans, fibrillering
National Category
Paper, Pulp and Fiber Technology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:du-39419ISBN: 978-91-85317-90-5 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:du-39419DiVA, id: diva2:1636031
Presentation
2008-06-18, Granen, Stora Enso Kvarnsvedens Pappersbruk, Borlänge, 10:00 (Swedish)
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Bonding ability distribution of fibers in mechanical pulp furnishes
Note

FSCN – Fibre Science and Communication Network

Available from: 2022-02-08 Created: 2022-02-08 Last updated: 2022-02-08Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Ways to measure the bonding ability distribution of fibers in mechanical pulps
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Ways to measure the bonding ability distribution of fibers in mechanical pulps
2007 (English)In: International Mechanical Pulping Conference 2007, TAPPI, TAPPI Press , 2007, p. 97-111Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

In this paper, experiences are reported from our work of developing a method for characterizing fibers with respect to their distribution in fiber bonding ability. As a first step to develop a method, fibers from two commercial TMPs have been fractionated in a four stage hydrocyclone system. The feed pulp was separated into five streams. The fiber bonding ability of R16, P16/R30 and P30/R50 Bauer McNett fractions collected from each stream were analyzed. Five different ways of evaluating fiber bonding ability showed that the fibers were separated in the hydrocyclones according to bonding ability. It was found that both fibrillation and collapse resistance index (CRI) of the fibers are required in order to well predict tensile strength of handsheets made from fiber fractions. CRI was calculated from optical measurements of cell wall thickness and fiber width. We also propose how to describe the distribution in fiber bonding ability for mechanical pulps. A method to calculate fracture toughness of handsheets based on acoustic emission is also illustrated. A more rapid method for characterizing fibers in mechanical pulps with respect to their bonding ability distribution needs to be developed in the future.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
TAPPI Press, 2007
Keywords
Bonding abilities; Cell walls; Collapse resistances; Fiber bondings; Fiber fractions; Handsheets; Hydrocyclone; Hydrocyclones; In fibers; Optical measurements; Rapid methods
National Category
Paper, Pulp and Fiber Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:du-39422 (URN)2-s2.0-55849090610 (Scopus ID)
Conference
International Mechanical Pulping Conference 2007, TAPPI; Minneapolis, MN; United States; 6 May 2007 through 9 May 2007; Code 73991
Available from: 2016-09-23 Created: 2022-02-08 Last updated: 2022-02-08Bibliographically approved
2. BIN - a method of measuring the distribution of Bonding Indicator of fibers in mechanical pulp furnishes
Open this publication in new window or tab >>BIN - a method of measuring the distribution of Bonding Indicator of fibers in mechanical pulp furnishes
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
National Category
Paper, Pulp and Fiber Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:du-39421 (URN)
Note

To be submitted to Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal 2008

Available from: 2008-12-09 Created: 2022-02-08 Last updated: 2022-02-08Bibliographically approved

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Reyier Österling, Sofia

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