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Hur personer med HIV upplever stigma i vården: En litteraturöversikt
Dalarna University, School of Health and Welfare.
Dalarna University, School of Health and Welfare.
2022 (Swedish)Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesisAlternative title
How patients with HIV experience stigma in health care : A literature review (English)
Abstract [sv]

Bakgrund: HIV är ett virus som angriper kroppens immunsystem. En välbehandlad HIV smittar inte, trots detta upplever personer med HIV en stigmatisering i samhället. Det finns fortfarande en okunskap och förlegad syn kring HIV och dess smittvägar. Sjuksköterskans arbete bygger på god kommunikation och respekt, särskilt när det gäller utsatta och sårbara grupper.

Syfte: Syftet med litteraturöversikten var att belysa hur personer med HIV upplever stigmatisering i mötet med vårdpersonal med fokus på sjuksköterskan.

Metod: Litteraturöversikten är en strukturerad litteraturstudie med inslag av den metodologi som används vid systematiska översikter. Resultatet baseras på en analys gjord på femton artiklar.

Resultat: Resultatet visade att det förekom en upplevd stigmatisering och diskriminering i vården. Personer med HIV vittnar om ett bristfälligt bemötande där vårdpersonal haft en negativ attityd samt förutfattade meningar. Tre huvudkategorier framkom; rädsla, stöd från vården samt bemötande. Två faktorer som påverkade vårdpersonals bemötande stod ut; rädsla hos vårdpersonal av att själva smittas av HIV samt fördomar gentemot personer med HIV.

Slutsats: Personer med HIV har både positiva och negativa upplevelser av vården. I de fall då personer upplever stigmatisering förekommer det överdrivna hygienrutiner, generaliseringar och bristande sekretess från vårdpersonal. Stigmatisering inom vården kan i förlängningen leda till en rädsla och ovilja till att uppsöka vård.

Abstract [en]

Background: HIV is a virus that attacks the body's immune system. A well-treated HIV is not contagious, but despite this people with HIV experience a stigma in society. There is still an ignorance and outdated view of HIV and its transmission routes. The nurse's work is based on good communication and respect, especially when it comes to vulnerable groups.

Aim: The aim of this literature review was to shed light on how people with HIV experience stigma in the meeting with healthcare professionals with focus on the nurse.

Method: This literature review is a structured literature study with elements of the methodology used in systematic reviews. The result is based on an analysis made of fifteen articles.

Results: The results showed that there was a perceived stigma and discrimination in care. People with HIV testify to an inadequate treatment where care staff had a negative attitude and preconceived notions. Three main categories appeared; fear, support from healthcare professionals and treatment. Two factors that affected the treatment of care staff stood out; fear among healthcare professionals of being infected with HIV and prejudice against people with HIV.

Conclusions: People with HIV have both positive and negative experiences of care. In cases where people experience stigma, there is excessive hygiene routines, generalizations and a lack of confidentiality from healthcare professionals. The stigma in healthcare can in the long run lead to fear and reluctance to seek care.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2022.
Keywords [en]
experiences, literature review, people with HIV, stigma, treatment
Keywords [sv]
bemötande, litteraturöversikt, personer med HIV, stigma, upplevelser
National Category
Nursing
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:du-41192OAI: oai:DiVA.org:du-41192DiVA, id: diva2:1649667
Subject / course
Caring Science/Nursing
Available from: 2022-04-04 Created: 2022-04-04

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