Background: Dignity and well-being should be promoted in care of older people living in residential care facilities (RCFs). In addition, care in RCFs should also promote person-centred care. According to the person-centred practice (PCP) framework dignity and well-being are being described as the result of person-centred care. Thus, previous research indicate that older people living in RCFs (residents) experience a lack of dignity and well-being and improvements are needed. To know what to target to improve care it is important to understand what factors are associated with residents´experiences of dignity and well-being in RCFs. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between perceived dignity and well-being and factors related to attitudes of staff, the care environment and individual issues (age, gender, self-rated health and dementia) among residents. Our hypothesis was that residents’ perceptions of satisfaction with dignity and well-being are associated with the attitudes of staff, the indoor-outdoor-mealtime environment and individual factors. We suggest that perceptions of a) respectful attitudes of staff, b) supportive indoor-outdoor-mealtime environment and c) good health are associated with higher satisfaction regarding dignity and well-being. Methods: A national cross-sectional study was conducted. All residents 65 years and older (n=71 696) living in RCFs in Sweden in 2018 were included in the study. The response rate was 49%. Data was collected using a national survey by the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare. The survey questions included the areas: self-rated health, indoor-outdoor-mealtime environment, performance of care and attitudes of staff. Age, gender and diagnosed dementia were collected from two national databases. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and ordinal logistic regression models. Results: Respondents who had experienced disrespectful attitudes of staff, who did not thrive in the indoor-outdoor-mealtime environment, who rated their health as poor and respondents diagnosed with dementia had higher odds of being dissatisfied with aspects of dignity and well-being. Discussion and conclusion: To improve care regarding dignity and well-being there is a need a) to target the prerequisites of staff regarding respectful attitudes and b) to target the care environment. The Person-centred practice framework, targeting the prerequisites of staff (knowledge, skills and attitudes) and the care environment (physical environment), could be used as a theoretical framework for designing future improvements. Practical research implications: As the result indicate what factors to target to promote dignity and well-being, it can be used by managers and registered nurses when improving care and designing future interventions to promote dignity and well-being in RCFs.