Purpose: Authors of this theoretical article are questioning Hume's view on causality by arguing for Aristotle’s pluralistic view as an alternative strategy for social work research and practice. Methods: Aristotle's notion of causality is applied to discuss its relevance, and then tested on a real case, thereby illustrating how it can contribute to explain why something works. Results: Different types of causes can reveal characteristics that are preconditional for professional's and service user's mutual roles in enhancing outcomes. They can further reveal the architecture of the intervention; the underlying processes for actions to reach a desired goal. Discussion: To deliver knowledge of relevance in social work, one needs to explain the results of an intervention through causal analysis as well as understanding the content and processes of it. Aristotle's forms of causality make it possible to take the contextual historicism of social phenomenon into consideration and give knowledge beyond effects. © The Author(s) 2023.