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Fully Integrated Wearable Device for Continuous Sweat Lactate Monitoring in Sports
Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden;UCAM-SENS, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, UCAM HiTech, Avda. Andres Hernandez Ros 1, 30107 Murcia, Spain.
Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden;UCAM-SENS, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, UCAM HiTech, Avda. Andres Hernandez Ros 1, 30107 Murcia, Spain.
Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
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2023 (English)In: ACS Sensors, E-ISSN 2379-3694, Vol. 8, no 6, p. 2401-2409Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The chemical digitalization of sweat using wearable sensing interfaces is an attractive alternative to traditional blood-based protocols in sports. Although sweat lactate has been claimed to be a relevant biomarker in sports, an analytically validated wearable system to prove that has not yet been developed. We present a fully integrated sweat lactate sensing system applicable to in situ perspiration analysis. The device can be conveniently worn in the skin to monitor real-time sweat lactate during sports, such as cycling and kayaking. The novelty of the system is threefold: advanced microfluidics design for sweat collection and analysis, an analytically validated lactate biosensor based on a rational design of an outer diffusion-limiting membrane, and an integrated circuit for signal processing with a custom smartphone application. The sensor covering the range expected for lactate in sweat (1-20 mM), with appropriate sensitivity (-12.5 ± 0.53 nA mM-1), shows an acceptable response time (<90 s), and the influence of changes in pH, temperature, and flow rate are neglectable. Also, the sensor is analytically suitable with regard to reversibility, resilience, and reproducibility. The sensing device is validated through a relatively high number of on-body tests performed with elite athletes cycling and kayaking in controlled environments. Correlation outcomes between sweat lactate and other physiological indicators typically accessible in sports laboratories (blood lactate, perceived exhaustion, heart rate, blood glucose, respiratory quotient) are also presented and discussed in relation to the sport performance monitoring capability of continuous sweat lactate.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2023. Vol. 8, no 6, p. 2401-2409
National Category
Medical Biotechnology Sport and Fitness Sciences
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URN: urn:nbn:se:du-46152DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00708ISI: 001003383700001PubMedID: 37289663Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85163553597OAI: oai:DiVA.org:du-46152DiVA, id: diva2:1765602
Funder
Swedish Research Council, 2017-4887Swedish Research Council, 2019-04142KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyOlle Engkvists stiftelse, 204-0214Available from: 2023-06-11 Created: 2023-06-11 Last updated: 2024-03-05Bibliographically approved

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Swarén, MikaelWedholm, Lars

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