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This paper examines the various solar photovoltaic technologies available in India. Seven commercially available photovoltaic technologies are compared using thirteen criteria that mainly contribute to sustainability, such as social, economic, and environmental, along with technical criteria under various conditions. Three distinct cases were developed (case I: considering all the thirteen criteria, case II: considering twelve criteria and freezing LCOE criteria, and case III: considering twelve criteria and freezing efficiency criteria) to determine the best technology available for multiple stakeholders to invest in at different conditions. The assessment integrates grey system theory, fuzzy set theory, and multi-criteria decision-making methods. The grey and fuzzy-based Analytical Hierarchy Process is used to determine the significance of the criteria. In contrast, the grey and fuzzy-based COmplex PRoportional ASsessment is used for ranking these technologies. According to the results, the most favorable technology in all three cases is Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) if developed in the Indian zone. The CdTe technology has a lower levelized cost of electricity and module cost, high efficiency, and, most importantly, high technological maturity compared to other technologies. © 2024 The Authors