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Ensuring security in knowledge sharing (KS) is of utmost importance. However, most research studies have focused on safeguarding information systems assets such as networks and databases, but little attention has been given to integrating security measures into KS practices, especially in developing countries. This study proposes a model incorporating security into KS behavior through Knowledge Risk Governance (KRG) that moderates the process. The potential components of the Knowledge Sharing Risk Governance (KSRG) model were identified through a comprehensive literature review. Social Exchange Theory (SET) was chosen as the theoretical framework to elucidate KS behavior and outline the formative elements of KRG. The Ministry of Agriculture was selected as a representative public organization, and a case study approach was used to collect data through questionnaires. The results showed that (1) SET factors have a positive correlation with KS behavior, (2) KRG moderates the relationship between these SET factors and KS behavior, and (3) KS, facilitated by KRG as a moderating factor, effectively mitigates KS-related risks. In summary, this study highlights the significant role of KSRG in ensuring KS security and reducing associated risks. The findings underscore the importance of integrating security measures into KS practices. They offer valuable insights for senior managers to evaluate and improve their organization's current KS strategies and security requirements. © 2023 European Union IEEE.