This paper examines some individual variables that affect adult Japanese learners’ self-perceptions related to learning and utilising Japanese polite speech styles in spoken dialogue.
As Japan is considered a high context society, as well as having both horizontal and vertical social hierarchies; those wishing to be cohesive social group members must adopt different communication styles according to each relevant scenario. Speakers of the Japanese language utilise socially established linguistic features and strategies in order to orient one’s position within each social interaction relative to others, to navigate between different social groups, and to show respect or politeness towards others as a form of social lubricant. As such, utilising polite speech styles is an important- but complex- sociolinguistic skill to develop.
There are two main aspects to consider when discussing how second language (L2) learners of Japanese become proficient in using politeness strategies. These are: acquiring the knowledge of how politeness strategies work and gaining the ability to apply this knowledge ad hoc in real communication situations. A survey was conducted for the purpose of identifying variables that affecta learner’s self-perception related to both these aspects. The results show a statistically strong connection between a learner’s perception of their own understanding and/or perceived abilities related to utilising polite speech styles in Japanese, and the variables of language proficiency, and lived experience within Japan. The results also indicate a potential connection related to the variables of native language, and age. Considering the results, advice is given regarding the way educational materials can be more tailored towards L2 Japanese learners’ specific needs related to polite speechstyles with the intention of better supporting the individual learner.