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La disparition du sujet-nul dans l’ancien français: Analyse de l’avancement du sujet pronominal obligatoire dans l’ancien français du XIIe siècle
Dalarna University, School of Language, Literatures and Learning.
2024 (French)Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesisAlternative title
Study on the progress of the obligatorification of the pronominal subject in Old French of the 12th century (English)
Abstract [fr]

L’étude porte sur des changements morphosyntaxiques de l’ancien français en étudiant la transition d’une langue à sujet-nul à une langue à sujet pronominal exprimé obligatoire comme c‘est le cas du français moderne. Dans ce but, une partie du Bestiaire de Philippe Thaon, œuvre médiévale du XIIe siècle, est analysée. Les occurrences du sujet-nul sont quantifiées et les régimes d’expression et omission du sujet pronominal sont examinés en prenant en compte le type deproposition et position verbale.

Les résultats exposent une forte asymétrie entre les propositions principales et subordonnées quant à la fréquence relative du sujet-nul, les premières montrant un taux plus élevé de sujet-nul (87 %) que les dernières (56,5 %). Cette asymétrie est en concordance avec des études antérieures portant sur des textes du XIIe et surtout du XIIIe siècles (Offredi, 2006; Zimmermann, 2014) et résulte de l’organisation syntaxique à verbe second des propositions principales, ce qui permet l’omission du sujet en positions postverbales (Adams, 1987; Vance, 1997). En revanche, le régime d’expression du sujet pronominal dans les propositions subordonnées est moins bien défini ; tandis que l’étude actuelle confirme la flexibilité syntaxique dans les subordonnées, les conditions qui favorisent la réalisation du sujet ouvert restent à déterminer. Ces résultats peuvent cependant confirmer que l’ancien français du XIIe siècle n’est plus une langue à sujet-nul traditionnelle et que la transition a déjà commencé.

Abstract [en]

The present study investigated morphosyntactic changes in Old French by studying the transition from a null-subject language to a language with an obligatory pronominal subject, like Modern French. To this end the Bestiaire by Philippe de Thaon, a medieval literary work from the 12th century is analysed. The occurrence of null-subjects is quantified and the patterns of expression and omission of the pronominal subject are examined with regards to the proposition type and verbal position.

The results expose a strong asymmetry between the main clauses and subordinate clauses, where the former display higher rates of null-subjects (87 %) compared with the latter (56,5 %). This asymmetry is in agreement with previous findings of the 12th century, and particularly the 13th century (Offredi, 2006; Zimmermann, 2014), resulting from a verb-second order in main clauses which allows for the omission of pronominal subjects in postverbal positions (Adams,1987; Vance, 1997). However, the conditions of the overt pronominal subject in subordinate clauses are less well-understood and while the present study confirms the greater syntactic flexibility in these clauses, the analysis did not reveal any factors helping to discern the observed pattern and more comprehensive research would be needed in this area. Yet, this study confirms what previously has been indicated that Old French of the 12th century is no longer a traditional null-subject language, and the transition is already well under way.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2024.
Keywords [fr]
L’ancien français, langue pro-drop, sujet-nul, changement morphosyntaxique, linguistique historique, Bestiaire, Philippe de Thaon
National Category
Specific Languages
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:du-48861OAI: oai:DiVA.org:du-48861DiVA, id: diva2:1878533
Subject / course
French
Available from: 2024-06-27 Created: 2024-06-27

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