Insect remains from a medieval settlement in the town Uppsala, S Sweden, were analysed. Eighty-one insect taxa were identified from samples dating from the 12th to the 15th century. The insect assemblages are totally dominated by beetels. Only a few remains of butterflies, true flies and a bumble bee were found. The insects imply that the settlement was situated in open landscape. The settlement most likely concisted mainly of farm buildings throughout the stuided period. Crops such as wheat, barley and cabbage were probably cultivated, particularly during the early settlemtn phases. Later, at the beginning of the 15th century, stock rearing seems to have dominated. The results suggests that the climate, during Medieaval time in southern Sweden was similar to the present or characterized by slightly higher summer temperatures. A number of currently very rare species were also recorded.