Objectives: Oral cryotherapy has been proven to alleviate symptoms of mucositis, a major complication in myeloablative therapy. In a randomised controlled trial it was shown that patients receiving oral cryotherapy had less mucositis and fewer days with and lower dose of i.v. opioides than a control group receiving routine oral care. It is thus of interest to investigate if oral cryotherapy may be harmful to patients. Objectiv: The objective with the present study was to evaluate if there was a difference in survival rate for patients receiving oral cryotherapy in connection with myeloablative therapy followed by BMT compare to patients receiving routine oral care. Methods: Seventy eight patients (mean age 52.0 (12.9) years, range 19 – 69 years) treated with myeloablative therapy followed by BMT were randomised to oral cryotherapy (n=39) or routine oral care (n=39). Survival data was based on a review of the patient’s medical records after four years. Results: During follow-up, 25 of the patients receiving oral cryotherapy survived while 16 of the patients receiving routine oral care survived (odds ratio 0.39, 95 % CI 0.15-0.97, p<0.05). Conclusions: Oral cryotherapy provides no evidence of harm in patients receiving myeloablative therapy followed by BMT. Further analyses are needed to explore the difference in survival rate.