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  • 1. Ahmad, Shafqat
    et al.
    Hammar, Ulf
    Kennedy, Beatrice
    Salihovic, Samira
    Ganna, Andrea
    Lind, Lars
    Sundström, Johan
    Ärnlöv, Johan
    Dalarna University, School of Health and Welfare, Medical Science. Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
    Berne, Christian
    Fall, Tove
    Effect of General Adiposity and Central Body Fat Distribution on the Circulating Metabolome: a Multi-Cohort Non-Targeted Metabolomics Observational and Mendelian Randomization Study2022In: Diabetes, ISSN 0012-1797, E-ISSN 1939-327X, Vol. 71, no 2, p. 329-339Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Obesity is associated with adverse health outcomes, but the metabolic effects have not yet been fully elucidated. We aimed to investigate the association between adiposity with circulating metabolites and to address causality with Mendelian randomization (MR). Metabolomics data was generated by non-targeted ultra-performance liquid-chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass-spectrometry in plasma and serum from three population-based Swedish cohorts: ULSAM (N=1,135), PIVUS (N=970), and TwinGene (N=2,059). We assessed associations between general adiposity measured as body mass index (BMI) and central body fat distribution measured as waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI (WHRadjBMI) with 210 annotated metabolites. We employed MR analysis to assess causal effects. Lastly, we attempted to replicate the MR findings in the KORA and TwinsUK cohorts (N=7,373), the CHARGE consortium (N=8,631), the Framingham Heart Study (N=2,076) and the DIRECT consortium (N=3,029). BMI was associated with 77 metabolites, while WHRadjBMI was associated with 11 and 3 metabolites in women and men, respectively. The MR analyses in the Swedish cohorts suggested a causal association (p-value <0.05) of increased general adiposity and reduced levels of arachidonic acid, dodecanedioic acid and lysophosphatidylcholine (P-16:0) as well as with increased creatine levels. The replication effort provided support for a causal association of adiposity on reduced levels of arachidonic acid (p-value 0.03). Adiposity is associated with variation of large parts of the circulating metabolome, however causality needs further investigation in well-powered cohorts.

  • 2. Basu, S
    et al.
    Zethelius, B
    Helmersson, J
    Berne, C
    Larsson, A
    Ärnlöv, Johan
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Medical Science.
    Cytokine-mediated inflammation is independently associated with insulin sensitivity measured by the euglycemic insulin clamp in a community-based cohort of elderly men2011In: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, E-ISSN 1940-5901, Vol. 4, no 2, p. 164-168Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Both clinical and experimental studies suggest a close relation between an inflammatory state and insulin resistance. We investigated the association between cytokine-mediated inflammation (high sensitivity C reactive protein [hsCRP] and interleukin [IL] 6) and insulin sensitivity (insulin-mediated glucose disposal rate, assessed by the euglycemic insulin clamp) in a community-based cohort, with subgroup analyses of normal weight individuals without diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome (NCEP). hsCRP and IL- 6 were inversely associated with insulin sensitivity (multivariable-adjusted regression coefficient for 1-SD increase of hsCRP -0.12 (-0.21-(-0.03), p=0.01) and of IL-6 - 0.11 (-0.21-(-0.02), p=0.01) in models adjusting for age and components of the metabolic syndrome (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, antihypertensive drugs, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting plasma glucose, waist circumference). The multivariable-adjusted association between hsCRP, IL-6 and insulin sensitivity were of a similar magnitude in normal weight individuals without diabetes and without the metabolic syndrome. Our data show that cytokine -mediated subclinical inflammation is independently associated with decreased insulin sensitivity also in apparently metabolically healthy normal weight individuals, indicating that the interplay between inflammatory processes and insulin resistance is present already in the early stages of the development of glucometabolic disease. (IJCEM1012002).

  • 3. Beijer, K.
    et al.
    Nowak, C.
    Sundström, J.
    Ärnlöv, Johan
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Medical Science. Karolinska Institutet.
    Fall, T.
    Lind, L.
    In search of causal pathways in diabetes: a study using proteomics and genotyping data from a cross-sectional study2019In: Diabetologia, ISSN 0012-186X, E-ISSN 1432-0428, Vol. 62, no 11, p. 1998-2006Article in journal (Refereed)
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  • 4.
    Borg, Sixten
    et al.
    Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Health Economics Unit, Medicon Village, SE-223 81 Lund, Sweden.
    Eeg-Olofsson, Katarina
    University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Medicine, SE-413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Palaszewski, Bo
    Region Västra Götaland, Department of Data Management and Analysis, SE-405 44 Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Svedbo Engström, Maria
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing. University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Medicine, SE-413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Gerdtham, Ulf-G
    Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Health Economics Unit, Medicon Village, SE-223 81 Lund, Sweden; The Swedish Institute for Health Economics (IHE), Box 2127, SE-220 02 Lund, Sweden; Department of Economics, School of Economics and Management, Box 7082, SE-220 07 Lund, Sweden.
    Gudbjörnsdottir, Soffia
    University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Medicine, SE-413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden and Centre of Registers Västra Götaland, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Patient-reported outcome and experience measures for diabetes: development of scale models, differences between patient groups and relationships with cardiovascular and diabetes complication risk factors, in a combined registry and survey study in Sweden2018In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 9, no 1, article id e025033Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose The Swedish National Diabetes Register (NDR) has developed a diabetes-specific questionnaire to collect information on individuals' management of their diabetes, collaboration with healthcare providers and the disease’s impact on daily life. Our main objective was to develop measures of well-being, abilities to manage diabetes and judgements of diabetes care, and to detect and quantify differences using the NDR questionnaire.

    Design, setting and participants The questionnaire was analysed with using responses from 3689 participants with type 1 and 2 diabetes, randomly sampled from the NDR population, combined with register data on patient characteristics and cardiovascular and diabetes complication risk factors.

    Methods We used item response theory to develop scales for measuring well-being, abilities to manage diabetes and judgements of diabetes care (scores). Test–retest reliability on the scale level was analysed with intraclass correlation. Associations between scores and risk factor levels were investigated with subgroup analyses and correlations.

    Results We obtained scales with satisfactory measurement properties, covering patient reported outcome measures such as general well-being and being free of worries, and patient reported experience measure, for example, access and continuity in diabetes care. All scales had acceptable test–retest reliability and could detect differences between diabetes types, age, gender and treatment subgroups. In several aspects, for example, freedom of worries, type 1 patients report lower than type 2, and younger patients lower than older. Associations were found between some scores and glycated haemoglobin, but none with systolic blood pressure or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Clinicians report positive experience of using scores, visually presented, in the patient dialogue.

    Conclusions The questionnaire measures and detects differences in patient well-being, abilities and judgements of diabetes care, and identifies areas for improvement. To further improve diabetes care, we conclude that patient-reported measures are important supplements to cardiovascular and diabetes complication risk factors, reflecting patient experiences of living with diabetes and diabetes care.

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  • 5.
    Brorsson, Anna Lena
    et al.
    Karolinska institutet.
    Viklund, Gunnel
    Örtqvist, Eva
    Lindholm Olinder, Anna
    Does treatment with an insulin pump improve glycaemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes? A retrospective case-control study.2015In: Pediatric Diabetes, ISSN 1399-543X, E-ISSN 1399-5448, Vol. 16, no 7, p. 546-53Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: To investigate long-term effects on glycaemic control, ketoacidosis, serious hypoglycaemic events, insulin requirements, and body mass index standard deviation scores (BMI-SDS) in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes starting on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) compared with children and adolescents treated with multiple daily injections (MDI).

    METHODS: This retrospective case-control study compares 216 patients starting CSII with a control group on MDI (n = 215), matched for glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), sex, and age during a 2-yr period. Variables collected were gender, age, HbA1c, insulin requirement, BMI, BMI-SDS, ketoacidosis, and serious hypoglycaemic events.

    RESULTS: In the CSII group there was an improvement in HbA1c after 6 and 12 months compared with the MDI group. For boys and girls separately the same effect was detected after 6 months, but only for boys after 12 months. The incidence of ketoacidosis was higher in the CSII group compared with the MDI group (2.8 vs. 0.5/100 person-yr). The incidences of severe hypoglycaemic episodes per 100 person-yr were three in the CSII group and six in the MDI group (p < 0.05). After 6, 12, and 24 months, the insulin requirement was higher in the MDI group.

    CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that treatment with CSII resulted in an improvement in HbA1c levels up to 1 yr and decreased the number of severe hypoglycaemic events, but the frequency of ketoacidosis increased. The major challenge is to identify methods to maintain the HbA1c improvement, especially among older children and teenagers, and reduce the frequency of ketoacidosis.

  • 6.
    Eeg-Olofsson, Katarina
    et al.
    Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Svedbo Engström, Maria
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing. Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Borg, Sixten
    Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Health Economics Unit, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden.
    Palaszewski, Bo
    Region Västra Götaland, Department of Data Management and Analysis, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Leksell, Janeth
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing. Uppsala University.
    Johansson, Unn-Britt
    Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Sciences and Education, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Gudbjörnsdottir, Soffia
    Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Register Center Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Glycaemic control and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) in type 1 diabetes2016Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 7. Ekström, Klas
    et al.
    Pulkkinen, Mari-Anne
    Carlsson-Skwirut, Christine
    Brorsson, Anna Lena
    Karolinska institutet.
    Ma, Zhulin
    Frystyk, Jan
    Bang, Peter
    Tissue IGF-I Measured by Microdialysis Reflects Body Glucose Utilization After rhIGF-I Injection in Type 1 Diabetes2015In: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, ISSN 0021-972X, E-ISSN 1945-7197, Vol. 100, no 11, p. 4299-306Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    CONTEXT: Type 1 diabetes is associated with portal insulin deficiency and disturbances in the GH-IGF axis including low circulating IGF-I and GH hypersecretion. Whether peripheral hyperinsulinemia and GH hypersecretion, which are relevant to the development of vascular complications, result in elevated tissue IGF-I remains unknown.

    OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between whole-body glucose uptake and tissue IGF-I measured by microdialysis.

    DESIGN: This was a single-blind placebo-controlled crossover study.

    SETTING: The setting was a tertiary pediatric endocrine referral center.

    PARTICIPANTS: The participants were seven young male adults with type 1 diabetes.

    INTERVENTION: After an overnight fast, a 6-h lasting euglycemic clamp was performed (constant insulin infusion at 0.5 mU/kg × minute and variable glucose infusion rate [GIR]) and a subcutaneous injection of recombinant human (rh) IGF-I (120 μg/kg) or saline was given after 2 hours. In parallel, tissue IGF-I levels were determined by microdialysis (md-IGF-I).

    MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: md-IGF-I levels in muscle and subcutaneous fat, and GIR were determined.

    RESULTS: md-IGF-I levels were detectable but unchanged after saline. After rhIGF-I, muscle and subcutaneous fat md-IGF-I increased during the second and third hour and then reached a plateau up to 10-fold higher than baseline (P < .001). GIR was unchanged after saline, whereas it increased 2.5-fold concomitantly with the increase in md-IGF-I (P < .0001). In contrast, serum IGF-I was increased already at 30 minutes after rhIGF-I and reached a plateau 2-fold above baseline (P < .0001).

    CONCLUSION: We demonstrate that md-IGF-I measurements are valid and physiologically relevant by reflecting rhIGF-I-induced glucose uptake. Future studies should be conducted to elucidate the role of local tissue IGF-I in diabetic vascular complications.

  • 8. Fall, T
    et al.
    Ärnlöv, Johan
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Medical Science.
    Berne, C
    Ingelsson, E
    The role of obesity-related genetic loci in insulin sensitivity2012In: Diabetic Medicine, ISSN 0742-3071, E-ISSN 1464-5491, Vol. 29, no 7, p. e62-e66Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims. Despite rapid advancements and many new diabetes susceptibility loci found in the past few years, few genetic variants associated with insulin sensitivity have been described, potentially attributable to the lack of larger cohorts examined with gold standard methods for insulin sensitivity assessment. There is a strong link between obesity and insulin sensitivity, and we hypothesized that known obesity susceptibility loci may act via effects on insulin sensitivity.

    Methods. A cohort of 71-year-old men without diabetes (Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men) underwent a euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp and genotyping for genetic variants representing 32 loci recently reported to be associated with BMI (n = 926). The effect of these loci on the insulin sensitivity index (M/I ratio) was examined using linear regression.. An in silico replication was performed in publically available data for the three top single-nucleotide polymorphisms from the Meta-Analyses of Glucose and Insulin-related traits Consortium analyses of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (n = 37 037).

    Results. Three loci (SH2B1, MTCH2 and NEGR1) were associated with decreased insulin sensitivity at a nominal significance (P ≤ 0.05) after adjustment for BMI, but did not hold for multiple comparison correction. SH2B1 rs7359397 was also associated with homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance in the Meta-Analyses of Glucose and Insulin-related traits Consortium data set (P = 3.9 × 10(-3) ).

    Conclusions. Our study supports earlier reports of SH2B1 to be of importance in insulin sensitivity and, in addition, suggests potential roles of NEGR1 and MTCH2. 

  • 9. Ghandour, R.
    et al.
    Mikki, N.
    Abu Rmeileh, N. M. E.
    Jerdén, Lars
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Medical Science.
    Norberg, M.
    Eriksson, J. W.
    Husseini, A.
    Complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Ramallah and al-Bireh: The Palestinian Diabetes Complications and Control Study (PDCCS)2018In: Primary Care Diabetes, ISSN 1751-9918, E-ISSN 1878-0210, Vol. 12, no 6, p. 547-557Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing pandemic that will lead, if not managed and controlled, to frequent complications, poor quality of life, and high rates of disability and death. Little is known about T2DM complications in Palestine. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of T2DM complications in Ramallah and al-Bireh governorate of Palestine. Methods: The study was conducted in eleven primary healthcare clinics offering services for persons with T2DM. Macrovascular complications were assessed using the Diabetes complication index. Microvascular complications were measured by physical examinations and laboratory tests. Questionnaires, laboratory tests, and physical examinations were used to assess socio-demographic characteristics, co-morbidities and other risk factors. Results: 517 adult men and nonpregnant women participated in the study (166 men, 351 women). The response rate was 84%. Mean age and mean duration of diabetes were 58.1 and 9.4 years respectively. Prevalence of diagnosed microvascular and macrovascular complications was 67.2% and 28.6% respectively. 78.2% of the participants had poor glycemic control (HbA1c ≥ 7.0%). Conclusion: Significant proportions of persons with T2DM had macro- and microvascular complications and poor metabolic control. These findings are important for policy development and the planning of health services. © 2018 Primary Care Diabetes Europe

  • 10.
    Granholm, Jerry
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Björk, Gabriella
    Dalarna University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Faktorer som påverkar vuxna patienters följsamhet till egenvårdsråd vid Diabetes typ 22022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    Patients with diabetes type 2 can reduce the risks for further complications like for instance cardiovascular disease and stroke by self-care. By improving adherence to selfcare the suffering can be decreased and in the same time contribute to improve the health and quality of life for the patient.

    Aim

    The purpose of this literature review was to describe factors that can influence adult patient´s compliance to self-care in type 2 diabetes.

    Method

    The database Cinahl has been used to this literature review with 14 scientific articles included.

    Results

    Compliance to self-care is influated by different factors which are dissemination of information to the patient, telecommunications assistance and personal and social factors. These factors all contribute to better adherence to self-care.

    Conclusions

    To notice the characteristics of patients is an important factor to adjust education, digital services and the involvment of the family. Another key factor to improve compliance is to strenghten the patients self-efficacy.

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  • 11.
    Granström, Therese
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing. Uppsala universitet.
    Anti-VEGF treatment of patients with diabetic macular edema: Studies of visual acuity, macular edema and patient-reported outcomes2016Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this thesis was to describe and evaluate visual acuity, macular edema and patientreported outcomes (PRO) following anti-VEGF treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME) patients in a real-world setting. Using a longitudinal study design, a cohort of DME patients was followed from baseline to 1 year after treatment start. Data were collected from two eye clinics at two county hospitals. Social background characteristics, medical data and PRO were measured before treatment initiation, at four month and after 1 year. A total of 57 patients completed the study. Mean age was 69 years and the sample was equally distributed regarding sex. At baseline, the patients described their general health as low. One year after treatment initiation, 30 patients had improved visual acuity and 27 patients had no improvement in visual acuity. The patients whose visual acuity improved reported an improvement in several subscales in patient-reported outcome measures (PROM), which was in contrast to the group that experienced a decline in visual acuity, where there was no improvement in PROM. Outcomes from the study can be useful for developing and providing relevant information and support to patients undergoing this treatment.

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  • 12.
    Granström, Therese
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing. Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper.
    Patient-reported and medical outcomes in patients treated for diabetic macular edema: A real-world longitudinal study2020Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Background Diabetes mellitus can lead to complications, when the complication affects the eyes it is called retinopathy. This can affect the macula and lead to severe loss of vision, diabetic macular edema (DME). This condition has traditionally been treated with laser. However, in 2011, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections in the eye were approved as a treatment for diabetic macular edema, and started to be used in eye clinics.

    Aim The overall aim of this thesis was to describe patient-reported outcomes and medical outcomes (PRO) in people treated for diabetic macular edema in a real-world setting in a long-time follow-up study in Sweden.

    Methods Participants were enrolled at two eye clinics at two county hospitals in Sweden between 2012 and 2014. Patient-reported outcomes were measured using a vision-specific questionnaire, the 25-question National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25) and a generic questionnaire, the Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36). Completed questionnaires, medical data such as visual acuity (EDRS), macula swelling (OCT) and social background characteristics were collected before treatment start, at one-year and four-year follow up points. The data was analyzed, descriptive statistics developed and comparative analyses were performed. Interviews were performed before treatment start and were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

    Results A total of 59 participants were included at baseline. The mean age was 69 years, with an equal gender distribution. At baseline, the participants scored a low general health with the vision-specific questionnaire. In total, 21 participants were interviewed, and a theme emerged of ‘being at a crossroads and a crucial phase in life with an uncertain outcome’. The participants expressed thoughts and concerns at different levels, including practical concerns about the treatment procedure and more existential thoughts about hope for improved visual acuity or fear of deterioration. The results at the one-year follow up showed that 30 patients had improved visual acuity and reported an improvement in several subscales in the NEI VFQ-25. The remaining 27 participants had no improvement in visual acuity or in the vision specific questionnaire. The four-year follow-up involved 37 people, and the result showed significant improvement in subjective near-vision activities and improved distance visual acuity.

    Conclusion: Before treatment, the participants reported low general health and expressed concerns about the injection treatment and their vision. One year after treatment started, the results showed significant improvement in several NEI VFQ-25 subscales, decreased macula swelling and improved visual acuity. These positive results remained at the four-year follow-up point.

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  • 13.
    Granström, Therese
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Forsman, Henrietta
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Granstam, Elisabet
    Leksell, Janeth
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Patient reported outcomes and visual function among patients with diabetes related macular edema2016Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 14.
    Granström, Therese
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Forsman, Henrietta
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Leksell, Janeth
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Jani, Siba
    Modher Raghib, Aseel
    Granstam, Elisabet
    Visual functioning and health-related quality of life in diabetic patients about to undergo anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment for sight-threatening macular edema2015In: Journal of diabetes and its complications, ISSN 1056-8727, E-ISSN 1873-460X, Vol. 29, no 8, p. 1183-1190Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose

    To examine patient-reported outcome (PRO) in a selected group of Swedish patients about to receive anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment for diabetic macular edema (DME).

    Material and methods

    In this cross-sectional study, 59 patients with diabetes mellitus, who regularly visited the outpatient eye-clinics, were included. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected and the patients completed PRO measures before starting anti-VEGF treatment. PRO measures assessed eye-specific outcomes (NEI-VFQ-25) and generic health-related quality of life (SF-36).

    Results

    The participants consisted of 30 men and 29 women (mean age, 68.5 years); 54 (92 %) patients had type 2 diabetes; Five (9%) patients had moderate or severe visual impairment; 28 (47 %) were classified as having mild visual impairment. Some of the patients reported overall problems in their daily lives, such as with social relationships, as well as problems with impaired sight as a result of reduced distance vision.

    Conclusions

    Further studies are needed to investigate PRO factors related to low perceived general health in this patient population. It is important to increase our understanding of such underlying mechanisms to promote improvements in the quality of patient care.

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  • 15.
    Granström, Therese
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing. Uppsala universitet.
    Forsman, Henrietta
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Lindholm Olinder, Anna
    Gkretsis, Dimitrios
    Eriksson, Jan W
    Granstam, Elisabet
    Leksell, Janeth
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing. Uppsala universitet.
    Patient-reported outcomes and visual acuity after 12 months of anti-VEGF-treatment for sight-threatening diabetic macular edema in a real world setting2016In: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, ISSN 0168-8227, E-ISSN 1872-8227, Vol. 121, p. 157-165Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims

    To examine objective visual acuity measured with ETDRS, retinal thickness (OCT), patient reported outcome and describe levels of glycated hemoglobin and its association with the effects on visual acuity in patients treated with anti-VEGF for visual impairment due to diabetic macular edema (DME) during 12 months in a real world setting.

    Methods

    In this cross-sectional study, 58 patients (29 females and 29 males; mean age, 68 years) with type 1 and type 2 diabetes diagnosed with DME were included. Medical data and two questionnaires were collected; an eye-specific (NEI VFQ-25) and a generic health-related quality of life questionnaire (SF-36) were used.

    Results

    The total patient group had significantly improved visual acuity and reduced retinal thickness at 4 months and remains at 12 months follow up. Thirty patients had significantly improved visual acuity, and 27 patients had no improved visual acuity at 12 months. The patients with improved visual acuity had significantly improved scores for NEI VFQ-25 subscales including general health, general vision, near activities, distance activities, and composite score, but no significant changes in scores were found in the group without improvements in visual acuity.

    Conclusions

    Our study revealed that anti-VEGF treatment improved visual acuity and central retinal thickness as well as patient-reported outcome in real world 12 months after treatment start.

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  • 16.
    Granström, Therese
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Forsman, Henrietta
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Lindholm Olinder, Anna
    Gkretsis, Dimitrios
    Eriksson, Jan W.
    Granstam, Elisabet
    Leksell, Janeth
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Patient-reported outcomes: in patients with diabetic macular oedema treated with anti-VEGF2016In: The 16th European Doctoral Conference in Nursing Science, 2016Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 17.
    Granström, Therese
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Leksell, Janeth
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Forsman, Henrietta
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Quality of life among patients with diabetes macular edema2015Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Vision loss have a significant negative impact on quality of life. One of the most common causes of vision loss in patients with diabetes is diabetic macular edema - DME. Among DME patients, visual impairment is regarded as the most feared late diabetic complication. In January 2011 a new treatment for DME was approved, called anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, anti-VEGF- treatment. The treatment involves 3 injections every 4 weeks into the eye. The new treatment places increasing demands on the patient because of more visits and a stressful treatment. Beside that it is of great importance to learn more about the patient's experiences about the visual impairment and the new treatment.

    The aim of the study is to measure the effects of anti-VEGF treatment on vision related functioning, quality of life and sight-related variables.

    Fifty-nine patients are included in this longitudinal study at the eye clinics of two Swedish county hospitals. All patients who started anti-VEGF treatment were asked to participate.

    We have measured visual functioning with the eye-specific questionnaire - National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire 25 (NEI-VFQ-25), quality of life was measured with the general questionnaire Short Form- 36 (SF-36). Medical variables were collected at baseline, after 4 months and one year respectively.

    A large number of patients are affected by diabetes each year and may suffer from visual impairment. These patients may be treated with this new form of treatment. Therefore it is of great importance to examine the patient's experiences of treatment and self-percieved quality of life to be able to provide the best possible information and procedures at the eye clinics.

  • 18.
    Granström, Therese
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Leksell, Janeth
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Forsman, Henrietta
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Visual functioning and quality of life among patients with diabetic macular edema2015Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    One of the most common causes of vision impairment in patients with diabetes is diabetic macular edema (DME) and is regarded as the most feared late diabetic complication. In January 2011 a treatment for DME was approved, called anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor treatment. The treatment involves an injection into the vitreous of the eye and places increasing demands on the patient because of more visits and a stressful treatment. Therefore it is of most importance to capturing patients’ thoughts and feelings, so called Patient reported Outcome (PRO).

    Aim

    To examine patient-reported outcome (PRO) in a selected group of Swedish patients with diabetes-related macula edema about to receive anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment for diabetic macular edema.

    Method

    Visual functioning was measured with National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire 25 (NEI-VFQ-25), quality of life was measured with Short Form- 36 (SF-36). The initial eye examination included measurement of visual acuity with the ETDRS, and retinal thickness by OCT. In addition, medical variables were collected. The data collection was performed at baseline, after 4 months and one year. In this abstract we reported the result from the baseline.

    Result

    The participants were 30 men and 29 women (mean age, 68.5 years) and 92% of them had type 2 diabetes. With NEI VFQ-25, the participants showed the lowest score for the subscale of general health (mean 35.65 ± 22.04) and the highest for dependency (mean 93.48 ± 18.12). For SF-36, the participants gave the lowest score in the subscale of general health (mean 56.55 ± 22.14) and the highest for the subscale of role emotional (mean 88.73 ± 22.32). The mean ETDRS score in the eye planned for treatment was 63.9 (± 13.2) and the mean central retinal thickness was 396 (± 129).

    Conclusions: Patients diagnosed with diabetes macula edema about to receive anti-VEGF treatment reported low general health. Hence, it is of most importance to follow up patients’ thoughts and feelings (PRO) after the treatment is performed in order to promote improvements in the quality of patient care.

  • 19. Haas, Josephine
    et al.
    Persson, Martina
    Brorsson, Anna Lena
    Karolinska institutet.
    Toft, Eva Hagström
    Olinder, Anna Lindholm
    Guided self-determination-young versus standard care in the treatment of young females with type 1 diabetes: study protocol for a multicentre randomized controlled trial2017In: Trials, E-ISSN 1745-6215, Vol. 18, no 1, article id 562Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Female adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) have the most unsatisfactory glycaemic control of all age groups and report higher disease burden, poorer perceived health, and lower quality of life than their male counterparts. Females with T1DM face an excess risk of all-cause mortality compared with men with T1DM. New methods are needed to help and support young females with T1DM to manage their disease. A prerequisite for successful diabetes management is to offer individualized, person-centred care and support the patient's own motivation. Guided self-determination (GSD) is a person-centred reflection and problem-solving method intended to support the patient's own motivation in the daily care of her diabetes and help develop skills to manage difficulties in diabetes self-management. GSD has been shown to improve glycaemic control and decrease psychosocial stress in young women with T1DM. The method has been adapted for adolescents and their parents, termed GSD-young (GSD-Y). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether an intervention with GSD-Y in female adolescents with T1DM leads to improved glycaemic control, self-management, treatment satisfaction, perceived health and quality of life, fewer diabetes-related family conflicts, and improved psychosocial self-efficacy.

    METHODS/DESIGN: This is a parallel-group randomized controlled superiority trial with an allocation ratio of 1:1. One hundred female adolescents with T1DM, 15-20 years of age, and their parents (if < 18 years of age), will be included. The intervention group will receive seven individual GSD-Y education visits over 3 to 6 months. The control group will receive standard care including regular visits to the diabetes clinic. The primary outcome is level of glycaemic control, measured as glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c). Secondary outcomes include diabetes self-management, treatment satisfaction, perceived health and quality of life, diabetes-related family conflicts, and psychosocial self-efficacy. Data will be collected before randomization and at 6 and 12 months.

    DISCUSSION: Poor glycaemic control is common in female adolescents and young adults with T1DM. Long-standing hyperglycaemia increases the risks for severe complications and may also have an adverse impact on the outcome of future pregnancies. In this study, we want to evaluate if the GSD-Y method can be a useful tool in the treatment of female adolescents with T1DM.

    TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current controlled trials, ISRCTN57528404 . Registered on 18 February 2015.

  • 20. Husdal, Rebecka
    et al.
    Thors Adolfsson, Eva
    Leksell, Janeth
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing. Uppsala University.
    Eliasson, Björn
    Jansson, Stefan
    Jerdén, Lars
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Medical Science.
    Stålhammar, Jan
    Steen, Lars
    Wallman, Thorne
    Svensson, Ann-Marie
    Rosenblad, Andreas
    Organisation of primary diabetes care in people with type 2 diabetes in relation to all-cause mortality: A nationwide register-based cohort study2020In: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, ISSN 0168-8227, E-ISSN 1872-8227, Vol. 167, article id 108352Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    AIMS: To examine if personnel resources and organisational features in Swedish primary health-care centres (PHCCs) are associated to all-cause mortality (ACM) in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

    METHODS: A total of 187,570 people with T2DM registered in the Swedish National Diabetes Register (NDR) during 2013 were included in this nationwide cohort study. Individual NDR data were linked to data from a questionnaire addressing personnel resources and organisational features for 787 (68%) PHCCs as well as to individual data on socio-economic status and comorbidities. Furthermore, data on ACM were obtained and followed up until 30 January 2018. Hierarchical Cox regression analyses were applied.

    RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 4.2 years, 27,136 (14.5%) participants had died. An association was found between number of whole-time-equivalent (WTE) general practitioner's (GP's) devoted to diabetes care/500 people with T2DM and lower risk of early death (hazard ratio 0.919 [95% confidence interval 0.895-0.945] per additional WTE GP; p = 0.002). No other personnel resources or organisational features were significantly associated with ACM.

    CONCLUSIONS: This nationwide register-based cohort study suggests that the number of WTE GPs devoted to diabetes care have an impact on the risk of early death in people with T2DM.

  • 21.
    Jobs, Elisabeth
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Medical Science.
    Risérus, Ulf
    Ingelsson, Erik
    Sundström, Johan
    Jobs, Magnus
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Medical Science.
    Nerpin, Elisabet
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Medical Science.
    Iggman, David
    Basu, Samar
    Larsson, Anders
    Lind, Lars
    Ärnlöv, Johan
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Medical Science.
    Serum cathepsin S is associated with decreased insulin sensitivity and the development of diabetes type 2 in a community-based cohort of elderly men2012In: Diabetes Care, ISSN 0149-5992, E-ISSN 1935-5548, Vol. 36, no 1, p. 163-165Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE. To investigate associations between serum cathepsin S, impaired insulin sensitivity, defective insulin secretion, and diabetes risk in a community-based sample of elderly men without diabetes.

    RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS. Serum cathepsin S, insulin sensitivity (euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp), and insulin secretion (early insulin response during an oral glucose tolerance test) were measured in 905 participants of the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (mean age, 71 years). Thirty participants developed diabetes during 6 years of follow-up.

    RESULTS. After adjustment for age, anthropometric variables, and inflammatory markers, higher cathepsin S was associated with decreased insulin sensitivity (regression coefficient per SD increase -0.09 [95% CI -0.14 to -0.04], P = 0.001), but no association with early insulin response was found. Moreover, higher cathepsin S was associated with a higher risk for developing diabetes (odds ratio per SD increase 1.48 [1.08-2.01], P = 0.01).

    CONCLUSIONS. Cathepsin S activity appears to be involved in the early dysregulation of glucose and insulin metabolism.

  • 22.
    Leksell, Janeth
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset, Uppsala.
    Toft, Eva
    Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm; Diabetes Unit, Ersta Hospital, Stockholm.
    Rosman, Jessica
    Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset, Uppsala.
    Eriksson, Jan W
    Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset, Uppsala.
    Fischier, Johan
    Karolinska University hospital, Stockholm.
    Lindholm-Olinder, Anna
    Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset, Uppsala; Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm.
    Rosenblad, Andreas
    Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset, Uppsala; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Uppsala University, Uppsala.
    Nerpin, Elisabet
    Dalarna University, School of Health and Welfare, Medical Science. Uppsala University, Uppsala .
    Virtual clinic for young people with type 1 diabetes: a randomised wait-list controlled study2023In: BMC Endocrine Disorders, E-ISSN 1472-6823, Vol. 23, no 1, article id 255Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: The transition from paediatric to adult care for young adults with type 1 diabetes poses unique challenges. Virtual diabetes clinics using smartphone applications offer a promising approach to support self-management and enhance communication with healthcare providers. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a virtual diabetes clinic on glycaemic control, treatment satisfaction, and quality of life among young adults diagnosed with type 1.

    METHODS: 79 participants with type 1 diabetes aged 18-25 years were included in a prospective, single-centre, randomised, wait-list controlled trial. Participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention group or the wait-list control group. The intervention group received instant access to a virtual care platform called Vista Dialog, which facilitated real-time communication between patients and healthcare providers. Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, time in range (TIR), time below range (TBR), diabetes treatment satisfaction, and quality of life were assessed at baseline and after 6 months.

    RESULTS: Baseline characteristics were similar between the intervention and control groups, except for education level, where there was a skewed distribution between the groups (the intervention group had a lower education level). At the 6-month follow-up, there were no significant differences in HbA1c levels, TIR, TBR, or diabetes treatment satisfaction between the two groups. However, the intervention group demonstrated a significant decrease in the burden on physical health compared with the control group, indicating an improved quality of life.

    CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of a virtual diabetes clinic using the Vista Dialog platform did not result in significant improvements in glycaemic control or treatment satisfaction compared with usual care. However, it did show potential benefits in terms of reducing the burden on physical health and improving quality of life in young adults with type 1 diabetes. Further research is needed to explore the long-term effects and optimal use of virtual clinics in diabetes management.

    TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN number: 73,435,627 (registration date: 23/10/2019): https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN73435627 . The performance and results of this trial adhere to the guidelines outlined in the CONSORT 2010 (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) recommendations.

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  • 23.
    Lind, Lars
    et al.
    Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Salihovic, Samira
    Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Sundström, Johan
    Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Elmståhl, Sölve
    Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
    Hammar, Ulf
    Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Dekkers, Koen
    Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Ärnlöv, Johan
    Dalarna University, School of Health and Welfare, Medical Science. Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
    Smith, J Gustav
    Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital , Lund, Sweden; The Wallenberg Laboratory/Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg University and the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine and Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Engström, Gunnar
    Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
    Fall, Tove
    Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Metabolic Profiling Of Obesity With And Without The Metabolic Syndrome: A Multi-Sample Evaluation2022In: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, ISSN 0021-972X, E-ISSN 1945-7197, Vol. 107, no 5, p. 1337-1345Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    CONTEXT: There is a dispute whether obesity without major metabolic derangements may represent a benign condition or not.

    OBJECTIVE: We aimed to compare the plasma metabolome in obese subjects without the metabolic syndrome (MetS) to normal-weight subjects without MetS, as well as to obese subjects with MetS.

    DESIGN: Cross-sectional.

    SETTING: Two academic centers in Sweden.

    PARTICIPANTS: Three population-based samples (EpiHealth, n=2342, SCAPIS-Uppsala, n=4985 and SCAPIS-Malmö, n=3978) in which individuals were divided into groups according to their BMI and presence/absence of MetS (NCEP/consensus criteria).

    INTERVENTION: None.

    MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: 791 annotated endogenous metabolites measured by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.

    RESULTS: We observed major differences in metabolite profiles (427 metabolites) between obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2) and normal-weight (BMI < 25 kg/m 2) subjects without MetS after adjustment for major life-style factors. Pathway enrichment analysis highlighted branch-chained and aromatic amino acid synthesis/metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis and sphingolipid metabolism. The same pathways, and similar metabolites, were also highlighted when obese subjects with and without MetS were compared despite adjustment for BMI and waist circumference, or when the metabolites were related to BMI and number of MetS components in a continuous fashion. Similar metabolites and pathways were also related to insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index) in a separate study (POEM, n=501).

    CONCLUSION: Our data suggest a graded derangement of the circulating metabolite profile from lean to obese to the metabolic syndrome, in particular for metabolites involved in amino acid synthesis/metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism. Insulin resistance is a plausible mediator of this gradual metabolic deterioration.

  • 24. Nowak, Christoph
    et al.
    Carlsson, Axel C.
    Ostgren, Carl Johan
    Nystrom, Fredrik H.
    Alam, Moudud
    Dalarna University, School of Technology and Business Studies, Statistics.
    Rudholm Feldreich, Tobias
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Medical Science.
    Sundstrom, Johan
    Carrero, Juan-Jesus
    Leppert, Jerzy
    Ärnlöv, Johan
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Medical Science. Karolinska Institutet.
    Multiplex proteomics for prediction of major cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes2018In: Diabetologia, ISSN 0012-186X, E-ISSN 1432-0428, Vol. 61, no 8, p. 1748-1757Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims/hypothesis Multiplex proteomics could improve understanding and risk prediction of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in type 2 diabetes. This study assessed 80 cardiovascular and inflammatory proteins for biomarker discovery and prediction of MACE in type 2 diabetes. Methods We combined data from six prospective epidemiological studies of 30-77-year-old individuals with type 2 diabetes in whom 80 circulating proteins were measured by proximity extension assay. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression was used in a discovery/replication design to identify biomarkers for incident MACE. We used gradient-boosted machine learning and lasso regularised Cox regression in a random 75% training subsample to assess whether adding proteins to risk factors included in the Swedish National Diabetes Register risk model would improve the prediction of MACE in the separate 25% test subsample. Results Of 1211 adults with type 2 diabetes (32% women), 211 experienced a MACE over a mean (+/- SD) of 6.4 +/- 2.3 years. We replicated associations (< 5% false discovery rate) between risk of MACE and eight proteins: matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-12, IL-27 subunit alpha (IL-27a), kidney injury molecule (KIM)-1, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-23, protein S100-A12, TNF receptor (TNFR)-1, TNFR-2 and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor (TRAIL-R)2. Addition of the 80-protein assay to established risk factors improved discrimination in the separate test sample from 0.686 (95% CI 0.682, 0.689) to 0.748 (95% CI 0.746, 0.751). A sparse model of 20 added proteins achieved a C statistic of 0.747 (95% CI 0.653, 0.842) in the test sample. Conclusions/interpretation We identified eight protein biomarkers, four of which are novel, for risk of MACE in community residents with type 2 diabetes, and found improved risk prediction by combining multiplex proteomics with an established risk model. Multiprotein arrays could be useful in identifying individuals with type 2 diabetes who are at highest risk of a cardiovascular event.

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  • 25.
    Svedbo Engström, Maria
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Att leva med diabetes typ 1: En litteraturöversikt om erfarenheter, upplevelser och viktiga aspekter i livet2013In: Nationella Diabetesregistret Årsrapport 2012 års resultat, ISSN 2001-2632, p. 130-141Article, review/survey (Other academic)
  • 26.
    Svedbo Engström, Maria
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing. Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Patient Perspectives brought to the Fore for Diabetes Care: Descriptions as well as Development and Testing of the Diabetes Questionnaire2019Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: The overall aims were to describe perspectives of living with diabetes, to develop a patient-reported outcome and experience measure for the Swedish National Diabetes Register, and to initiate the evaluation of evidence of measurement quality for that measure. A further aim was to describe health-related quality of life and to assess its associations with glycaemic control.

    Methods and results: In study I, aspects important to adults with diabetes embracing experiences of daily life and support from diabetes care were identified through 29 semi-structured qualitative interviews. In study II, those aspects were used to develop the Diabetes Questionnaire. Expert reviews, six cognitive interviews, and a regional survey of 1,599 adults with diabetes yielded supporting evidence for content and face validity, test-retest reliability, and answerability. For studies III-IV, the Diabetes Questionnaire and the SF-36v2 were presented to 4,976 adults with diabetes in a nationwide cross-sectional survey. In study III, adjusted regression analyses showed that adults with high-risk glycaemic control have lower health-related quality of life than those with well-controlled glycaemic control. In study IV, correlation, machine learning and adjusted regression analyses demonstrated support for construct validity. The Diabetes Questionnaire captures some SF-36v2 dimensions while adding information not targeted by clinical variables or the SF 36v2 and it is sensitive to differences between groups of glycaemic control.

    Conclusion: The Diabetes Questionnaire has the potential to support clinical meetings and assessments and hence help to bring patients’ perspectives to the fore for diabetes care.

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  • 27.
    Svedbo Engström, Maria
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Patientrapporterat utfallsmått (PROM) i NDR – vad händer?2015In: Diabetesvård, ISSN 1652-697X, no 4, p. 38-38Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 28.
    Svedbo Engström, Maria
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing. Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Leksell, Janeth
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing. Uppsala University.
    Johansson, Unn-Britt
    Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Sciences and Education, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Borg, Sixten
    Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Health Economics Unit, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden.
    Palaszewski, Bo
    Region Västra Götaland, Department of Data Management and Analysis, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Franzén, Stefan
    Register Center Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Gudbjörnsdottir, Soffia
    Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Register Center Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Eeg-Olofsson, Katarina
    Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    A new diabetes questionnaire to add patients’ perspectives to diabetes care: A nationwide cross-sectional study among adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.2019Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 29.
    Svedbo Engström, Maria
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing. University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy.
    Leksell, Janeth
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Johansson, Unn-Britt
    Borg, Sixten
    Palaszewski, Bo
    Franzén, Stefan
    Gudbjörnsdottir, Soffia
    Eeg-Olofsson, Katarina
    Health-related quality of life and glycaemic control among adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: a nationwide cross-sectional study2019In: Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, ISSN 1477-7525, E-ISSN 1477-7525, Vol. 17, no 1, article id 141Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Health-related quality of life and glycaemic control are some of the central outcomes in clinical diabetes care and research. The purpose of this study was to describe the health-related quality of life and assess its association with glycaemic control in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in a nationwide setting.

    Methods: In this cross-sectional survey, people with type 1 (n = 2479) and type 2 diabetes (n = 2469) were selected at random without replacement from the Swedish National Diabetes Register. Eligibility criteria were being aged 18–80 years with at least one registered test of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) the last 12 months. The generic 36- item Short Form version 2 (SF-36v2) was answered by 1373 (55.4%) people with type 1 diabetes and 1353 (54.8%) with type 2 diabetes.

    Results: Correlation analyses showed weak correlations between scores on the SF-36v2 and glycaemic control for both diabetes types. After the participants were divided into three groups based on their levels of HbA1c, multivariate regression analyses adjusted for demographics, other risk factors and diabetes complications showed that among participants with type 1 diabetes, the high-risk group (≥70 mmol/mol/8.6%) had statistically significantly lower means in five out of eight domains of the SF-36v2 and the mental component summary measure, as compared with the well-controlled group (< 52 mmol/mol/6.9%). Among the participants with type 2 diabetes, the high-risk group had the lowest statistically significantly means in seven domains and both summary measures.

    Conclusions: Among people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, adults with high-risk HbA1c levels have lower levels of health-related quality of life in most but not all domains of the SF-36v2. This finding was not explained by demographics, other risk factors, or diabetes complications. The weak individual-level correlations between HRQOL scores and levels of glycaemic control argues for the need to not focus exclusively on either HbA1c levels or HRQOL scores but rather on both because both are important parts of a complex, life-long, challenging condition.

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  • 30.
    Svedbo Engström, Maria
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing. Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Leksell, Janeth
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing. Uppsala University.
    Johansson, Unn-Britt
    Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Sciences and Education, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Borg, Sixten
    Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Health Economics Unit, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden.
    Palaszewski, Bo
    Region Västra Götaland, Department of Data Management and Analysis, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Franzén, Stefan
    Register Center Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Gudbjörnsdottir, Soffia
    Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Register Center Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Eeg-Olofsson, Katarina
    Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    New diabetes questionnaire to add patients’ perspectives to diabetes care for adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes – Nationwide cross-sectional study of construct validity assessing associations with generic health-related quality of life and clinical variables2020In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 10, no 11, article id e038966Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives To study evidence for construct validity, the aim was to describe the outcome from the recently developed Diabetes Questionnaire, assess the associations of that outcome with clinical variables and generic health-related quality of life, and study the sensitivity to differences between clinically relevant groups of glycaemic control in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in a nation-wide setting.

    Design Cross-sectional survey.

    Setting Swedish diabetes care clinics connected to the National Diabetes Register (NDR).

    Participants Among 2479 adults with type 1 diabetes and 2469 with type 2 diabetes selected at random from the NDR, 1373 (55.4%) with type 1 and 1353 (54.8%) with type 2 diabetes chose to participate.

    Outcome measures The Diabetes Questionnaire, the generic 36-item Short Form version 2 (SF-36v2) health survey and clinical variables.

    Results Related to the prespecified assumptions, supporting evidence for construct validity for the Diabetes Questionnaire was found. Supporting divergent validity, the statistically significant correlations with the clinical variables were few and weak. In relation to the SF-36v2 and in support of convergent validity, the strongest correlations were seen in the Diabetes Questionnaire scales General Well-being and Mood and Energy. In those scales, machine learning analyses showed that about 40%–45% of the variance was explained by the SF-36v2 results and clinical variables. In multiple regression analyses among three groups with differing levels of glycated haemoglobin adjusted for demographics, other risk factors, and diabetes complications, the high-risk group had, in support of sensitivity to clinically relevant groups, statistically significant lower scores than the well-controlled group in most Diabetes Questionnaire scales.

    Conclusions This nation-wide study shows that the Diabetes Questionnaire captures some generic health-related quality-of-life dimensions, in addition to adding diabetes-specific information not covered by the SF-36v2 and clinical variables. The Diabetes Questionnaire is also sensitive to differences between clinically relevant groups of glycaemic control.

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  • 31.
    Svedbo Engström, Maria
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Leksell, Janeth
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Johansson, Unn-Britt
    Gudbjörnsdottir, Soffia
    Development of a patient reported outcome measure for the Swedish National Diabetes Register2015Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 32.
    Svedbo Engström, Maria
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing. Göteborgs Universitet.
    Leksell, Janeth
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing. Uppsala Universitet.
    Johansson, Unn-Britt
    Sophiahemmet Högskola och Karolinska institutet.
    Gudbjörnsdottir, Soffia
    Nationella Diabetesregistret (NDR), Registercentrum Västra Götaland och Göteborgs Universitet.
    En ny enkät för Nationella Diabetesregistret (NDR) speglar patientens perspektiv2015Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 33.
    Svedbo Engström, Maria
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Leksell, Janeth
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Johansson, Unn-Britt
    Gudbjörnsdottir, Soffia
    Experiences of living with diabetes and experiences of diabetes care as a basis for a tailored patient reported outcome measure for the Swedish National Diabetes Register2015Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 34.
    Svedbo Engström, Maria
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing. Göteborgs universitet, Sahlgrenska akademin, Institutionen för medicin.
    Leksell, Janeth
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing. Uppsala universitet.
    Johansson, Unn-Britt
    Sophiahemmet högskola.
    Gudbjörnsdottir, Soffia
    Göteborgs universitet, Sahlgrenska akademin, institutionen för medicin.
    Patienternas medverkan för att utveckla patientrapporterade utfallsmått för Nationella Diabetesregistret2013Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 35.
    Svedbo Engström, Maria
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Leksell, Janeth
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Johansson, Unn-Britt
    Sophiahemmet högskola.
    Gudbjörnsdottir, Soffia
    Göteborgs universitet.
    Utveckling av patientrapporterade utfallsmått (PROM) för NDR. I: Nationella Diabetesregistret - Årsrapport 2012 års resultat2013Other (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 36.
    Svedbo Engström, Maria
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Leksell, Janeth
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing. Uppsala Universitet.
    Johansson, Unn-Britt
    Sophiahemmet Högskola och Karolinska institutet.
    Gudbjörnsdottir, Soffia
    Nationella Diabetesregistret (NDR), Registercentrum Västra Götaland och Göteborgs Universitet.
    Vägen mot en ny version av PROM för Nationella Diabetesregistret (NDR)2015Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 37. Tietjen, A. K.
    et al.
    Ghandour, R.
    Mikki, N.
    Jerdén, Lars
    Dalarna University, School of Health and Welfare, Medical Science.
    Eriksson, J. W.
    Norberg, M.
    Husseini, A.
    Quality of life of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate–Palestine: a part of the Palestinian diabetes complications and control study (PDCCS)2021In: Quality of Life Research, ISSN 0962-9343, E-ISSN 1573-2649, Vol. 30, no 5, p. 1407-1416Article in journal (Refereed)
    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 38.
    Zanetti, Daniela
    et al.
    Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
    Stell, Laurel
    VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
    Gustafsson, Stefan
    Uppsala University, Uppsala.
    Abbasi, Fahim
    Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
    Tsao, Philip S
    Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
    Knowles, Joshua W
    Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
    Zethelius, Björn
    Uppsala University, Uppsala.
    Ärnlöv, Johan
    Dalarna University, School of Health and Welfare, Medical Science. Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
    Balkau, Beverley
    Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France.
    Assimes, Themistocles L
    Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
    Plasma proteomic signatures of a direct measure of insulin sensitivity in two population cohorts2023In: Diabetologia, ISSN 0012-186X, E-ISSN 1432-0428, Vol. 66, no 9, p. 1643-1654Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp (EIC) is the reference standard for the measurement of whole-body insulin sensitivity but is laborious and expensive to perform. We aimed to assess the incremental value of high-throughput plasma proteomic profiling in developing signatures correlating with the M value derived from the EIC.

    METHODS: We measured 828 proteins in the fasting plasma of 966 participants from the Relationship between Insulin Sensitivity and Cardiovascular disease (RISC) study and 745 participants from the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM) using a high-throughput proximity extension assay. We used the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) approach using clinical variables and protein measures as features. Models were tested within and across cohorts. Our primary model performance metric was the proportion of the M value variance explained (R2).

    RESULTS: A standard LASSO model incorporating 53 proteins in addition to routinely available clinical variables increased the M value R2 from 0.237 (95% CI 0.178, 0.303) to 0.456 (0.372, 0.536) in RISC. A similar pattern was observed in ULSAM, in which the M value R2 increased from 0.443 (0.360, 0.530) to 0.632 (0.569, 0.698) with the addition of 61 proteins. Models trained in one cohort and tested in the other also demonstrated significant improvements in R2 despite differences in baseline cohort characteristics and clamp methodology (RISC to ULSAM: 0.491 [0.433, 0.539] for 51 proteins; ULSAM to RISC: 0.369 [0.331, 0.416] for 67 proteins). A randomised LASSO and stability selection algorithm selected only two proteins per cohort (three unique proteins), which improved R2 but to a lesser degree than in standard LASSO models: 0.352 (0.266, 0.439) in RISC and 0.495 (0.404, 0.585) in ULSAM. Reductions in improvements of R2 with randomised LASSO and stability selection were less marked in cross-cohort analyses (RISC to ULSAM R2 0.444 [0.391, 0.497]; ULSAM to RISC R2 0.348 [0.300, 0.396]). Models of proteins alone were as effective as models that included both clinical variables and proteins using either standard or randomised LASSO. The single most consistently selected protein across all analyses and models was IGF-binding protein 2.

    CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: A plasma proteomic signature identified using a standard LASSO approach improves the cross-sectional estimation of the M value over routine clinical variables. However, a small subset of these proteins identified using a stability selection algorithm affords much of this improvement, especially when considering cross-cohort analyses. Our approach provides opportunities to improve the identification of insulin-resistant individuals at risk of insulin resistance-related adverse health consequences.

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