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Nostalgia is an important concept in the study of heritage tourism, especially as a push factor, but less attention is devoted to how nostalgia influences place attachment and vice versa, especially in relation to both individual and collective community experiences. While place attachment has been discussed in the context of second homes, nostalgia has received little attention, with none directed specifically at historic second home communities or those which had recently experienced a disaster. Therefore, this paper presents an analysis of semi-structured interviews conducted among second homeowners in Ocean Beach, New York, which is a century-old second home community with a rich local heritage that was hit by Hurricane Sandy in 2012. The findings show that the respondents display different aspects of nostalgia, in particular endo- and meso- nostalgia. This work conceptualizes meso-nostalgia as an umbrella term for the previously discussed nostalgias which focus on the gray area between personal and collective memories. The findings also show the respondents’ deep connection to the second home landscape, but there was a marked difference between respondents with inherited second homes and those who had purchased them wherein inherited homeowners’ nostalgia was closer to those of permanent residents in previous studies.

In the end of the summer 2020, the local Tourist Information Centre (TIC) in the rural tourism destination Idre, Sweden, was shut down. The regional DMO Visit Dalarna took this decision as a way of saving money and go toward another kind of tourist information system where the tourists need to find other ways to obtain tourist information. But the TIC does not only play a certain role for the tourists, but also for the local tourism businesses. This research aims to investigate how the shutdown of the local TIC in Idre has affected the local tourism businesses. Through semi-structured interviews, 10 businesses with varying characteristics in and around Idre have been able to talk freely about how they have experienced the TIC’s shutdown and what role the TIC played for the businesses. They were also able to talk about how they feel about the new tourist information system, developed by the DMO Visit Dalarna, that consists of more web-based tourist information, a call centre and Info Points. The interviews have been transcribed, coded and understood through thematic analyse. The result revealed that The TIC plays an important role for the businesses both directly and indirectly through its effects on the destination development and the tourists, which in turn affects the businesses. Though, it is possible to distinguish a pattern where the TIC in general had more functions for the smaller businesses than the bigger ones. This research contributes to DMO’s and municipalities about the effects of designing a new tourist information system where there is an absence of a local TIC. If a new tourism information system is created without involving tourism businesses in the decisions, there is a risk of decreasing trust and partnership between the businesses and the DMO.

Syftet med denna litteraturstudie är att utifrån befintlig forskning undersöka hur litteratursamtal som metod kan användas i samhällskunskapsundervisningen i årskurs 7-9. Frågeställningarna som används i litteraturstudien är:

 Vad säger forskning om att använda litteratursamtal som didaktisk metod? Mycket forskning finns inom språkämnesforskningen: vad kan samhällskunskapen lära sig av denna forskning?

 Vilka för-och nackdelar finns det med litteratursamtal enligt forskningen?

Tillvägagångssättet för att uppfylla syftet och besvara frågeställningarna är en systematisk litteraturstudie eller en så kallad kunskapsöversikt. Översikten visar att litteratursamtalet har övervägande positiva effekter på inlärningen. Men även att det finns en övertro till litteratursamtal som metod. I diskussionen jämförs och analyseras den funna forskningens slutsatser kring litteratursamtalens fördelar och nackdelar på elevernas lärande i en samhällskunskapskontext. Studien visar att det finns ett behov att undersöka litteratursamtalets effekter på undervisningen mer genomgående.

This report provides a brief explanation of the MIRANDA tool and its links to the D.U.GIS platform. The report also presents system components and data sources used within the MIRANDA tool.

The starting point for the development of the MIRANDA tool has been the call for better understanding of the scale and scope of tourism at the local and regional levels. The purpose of the MIRANDA project was to develop a micro-based decision support to be used by public planners for more efficient and sustainable decisions regarding infrastructure investments in connection with destination development.

This report gives a brief introduction to the project before starting out with an overview of the MIRANDA-tool’s software architecture. This is followed by a description of the Coding languages, a section giving information on the Class libraries, as well as the type of data used. Following this are two sections describing APIs and the system model, before a final section concludes by giving an outlook for future development options for the MIRANDA tool.

The 2007–2008 Global Financial Crisis profoundly impacted the housing markets, particularly of the so-called PIGS countries. Main cities in Portugal, Italy and Greece have seen a sharp decrease in house prices and rent value since 2010. At the same time, the rise of Airbnb has contributed to the reframing of housing market demand in cities, with an increase of temporary lettings in prime urban tourist areas. Understandably, this has direct implications for local residents, with renters’ displacement, tourism gentrification and raising cases of tourismphobia. This article provides insights from three cities – Athens, Lisbon and Milan – to show how the dynamics in the housing market and the boost of Airbnb over the last decade are steadily changing the urban populations of the aforementioned cities. This research builds upon the rent gap theory and the Luke’s’ Power Theory to illustrate how Airbnb is fostering a new form of urban displacement at a faster rate than traditional housing gentrification, with the renting of prime residential areas to tourists.

The Internet has made it possible for students to access a vast amount of high quality references when writing papers. Yet research has shown that the use of reference databases is poor and the quality of student papers is consequently often below expectation. The objective of this paper is twofold. First, it aims to describe the problems students experience when they search information using a university reference database. Second it aims to compare the perspective of students on the problems with that of their teachers. As basis for the study we have used the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model. A web-based survey was carried out. A total of 150 students at Örebro University in Sweden participated in the survey. The results have been analysed by comparison of median values. Results show that students experience problems mostly in the category of efforts expectancy. Differences between the two groups are most significant in the category of effort expectancy and students’ patience in searching. Teachers are more pessimistic about students’ capacity in information searching than the students themselves.

Essäsamlingens andra del inleds med Mikael Bergs text ”Jerusalem som kalejdoskop”: Elevers angelägna frågor och de sammanvävda berättelsernas potential i undervisning vid historiska platser leder oss in på frågor om berättelser i undervisningen. Här ställer Mikael Berg frågor om undervisningens möjligheter vid studieresor till historiska platser. Mikael Berg menar att mötet med historiska platser, som han liknar vid ett kalejdoskops mångfald av mönster och färger, kan tillföra ytterligare lager till lärandet som inte hade varit möjligt i klassrumsundervisning. Framförallt att mötet med den historiska platsens sammanvävda berättelser länkar samman affektiva responser, fysiska reaktioner och kognitiv bearbetning i elevens kunskapsprocess. Med det som utgångspunkt argumenterar Mikael Berg för möjligheten att starta undervisningen i elevernas angelägna frågor i relation till den historiska platsens mångfald. Lärarens uppdrag kan då sägas bli att möta elevernas frågor med ett situationsanpassat (historiskt) kunskapsinnehåll i syfte att bidra till nyansering av förståelsen av platsens samanvända berättelser (manifesta historiebruk). På så sätt finns en potential i en sådan undervisningsansats att bidra till elevernas möjligheter att göra informerade ställningstaganden.

This chapter adopts a public policy perspective to tourism workforce formation in Finland, Norway and Sweden. The qualitative content analysis of national tourism strategy, planning and policy documents reveals that aspired labour regimes are predominantly characterised by mobility, flexibility and segmentation. While these practices ensure a competitive operational environment, satisfy seasonal employee demand and provide means for states to integrate immigrants into the labour market, negative societal consequences including precariousness, low-quality employment and inequality arise as well. Although all examined documents advocate sustainable production and consumption for Nordic tourism, workforce is essentially not included in sustainability discourses and initiatives.

Although respective research has proliferated, little attention has been given to the processual nature of festivals. By drawing upon the concept of host event zones, we examine how different spectators perceive the development of the heavy metal festival Wacken Open Air (WOA) with respect to the dynamics between the festival as a temporary place in which visitors enjoy spectacle and ritual, a commercial site and the everyday living space of local inhabitants. WOA has grown in 30 years from an initiative by a few friends for devoted metal fans into an internationally renowned music mega-event. WOA represents a consumption mediated ‘peaceful utopia’ where festivalgoers find social meaningfulness in neo-tribes. However, the accelerating mainstream appeal of Wacken Open Air for a non-metal fan audience, which significantly spurt by the media, challenges both regular attendees’ experience of this idealized space and the relationship between the host community and the festival.

In this thesis, the way in which rural tourism developed, since the fall of communism inRomania in 1989 until 2020 is explored. The strategies in form of development plans,programs and legislation adopted by Romania, the changes stakeholders in the public andin the private sector went through in order to adapt the rural tourism sector to capitalism andhow this are reflected in evolution of tourism accommodation and tourists numbers areanalysed on a macro level for the whole of Romania and then at a micro level by usingMaramures County, as a study case. However, the focus and the core aim of this study isrural tourism development in Maramures county, one of the representative traditionalregions of the country. Here, the rural tourism development is analysed based on a generalframework then semi-structured interviews are employed as the main method for datacollection. The results of the analysis show the perception that different stakeholders haveregarding how tourism developed in their area and under what conditions. Overall, based onthe analysis results, it can be concluded that in Maramures tourism development is notsatisfactory, but progress has been made, especially since the infrastructure in mostcommunes is or has been modernized.

The sustainable practice of tourism is heavily dependent on its practitioners. Moreover, the education of these practitioners has been an ongoing debate with the sector. The author of this study have chosen to examine how sustainable is the tourism education and how it is been1 structured by analyzing the curriculums of master’s programs in higher educational institution in Swedish universities. The aim is to identify if the programs curriculums are holding the standard for sustainable tourism education. To accomplish this, a literature framework was established which includes transformational education and critical pedagogy. The content analysis method was applied to collect and analyze syllabuses from programs and courses. Results revealed the role of faculties in the pedagogy approach as syllabuses from programs and course in faculties grounded in economics studies had traits that were identified as unsustainable. The analysis also revealed that there were areas in which these syllabuses incorporated EfS principles. Even though the analysis revealed how the content of these syllabuses aligned with the principles of EfS, it also exposes the areas which traditional approaches are still being practiced. This study lays a foundation for future understanding of this area of research.

Outdoor recreation or friluftsliv as called in Scandinavia has witnessed anincreased demand where more people venture outdoors to engage in activities innature. It is although not as easy for everyone to engage in these activities due toseveral limiting obstacles. People with disabilities that are confined to a manual orelectric wheelchair require adaptation of the areas to be able to participate. Thereare signs of development due to 10 goals set by the Swedish government for eachmunicipality to work towards. The findings of the study show that there are currentactions to improve accessibility; however; that it is slow process that in cases lackseveral vital considerations. There is an importance to involve people withdisabilities and relevant organizations to work with several important parts forspreading awareness. 

Nowadays, competition is fierce in the hotel industry. The fast development in technology is followed by a permanent battle to keep adequate level of competitive advantage. Innovation seems to be one of the most suitable solutions in the service sector. This is of interest due to the consistent and apparent interconnection between innovation and successful performance found in earlier research. However, in order to achieve successful market performance, it is necessary to have an effective management strategy of service innovation. This factor and the gap in knowledge found in research about innovation in the hospitality industry is the starting point for this research paper where the purpose is to gain understanding about managerial perception of service innovation and enlighten service innovation influence over market performance. In-depth interviews with hotel managers in Sweden were conducted, about their perception of service innovation first, then its influence over market performance. Results reveal that service innovation offers opportunities for hotels to be competitive, although there is a lack of specific strategies. Service innovation, due to its diverse aspects is perceived as complex, particularly referring to technology. It is important to recognize technology as a factor arising from the outside environment and how it influences service innovation and later market performance. Through the developing of strategy for service innovation hotels can improve market performance and stay competitive. The study contributes to increase knowledge and understanding of different managerial perceptions of service innovation and its influences over market performance in the hotel industry.

People use a variety of means to orient themselves towards the future. A more organised approach to handling the future known as "futures studies" is often used in a variety of contexts including long-term planning within large organisations. In the effort to enhance the quality of such studies, there have been arguments for better methods (which makes sense), but methods may not be the most important aspect in the production of futures studies. Greater theoretical awareness in the substantive questions upon which the study is based is more important. To that end, the intent of this dissertation is to infuse a keener awareness of fundamental assumptions in futures studies and contribute to increasing their quality.

One objective of the dissertation is to formulate a method or procedure to analyse the futures studies of large organisations, apply it to two empirical cases and thereafter analyse its strengths and weaknesses. The method I discuss and develop extensively in this work consists of an analytical framework that focuses on three aspects of each future study: its architecture, its relationship to a few of the key future issues of our time and its assumptions regarding our views on society, humanity and technology. A second objective is to systematically study future documents from two large organisations and attempt to clarify motives, orientation, methodology and distinguishing characteristics in their future processes. The cases I have chosen are the Swedish Armed Forces and the telecommunications company Ericsson, which were both in a period of transition around the mid 1990s.

The dissertation shows how the method has been used to bring to the fore and clarify central ideas in futures studies, identify ambiguities and fuzzy thinking and to show and expose more covert assumptions. The analysis also illustrates that certain aspects of the model have been observed in the empirical material, other ideas are found to a lesser extent and certain perspectives are entirely absent. The paper stresses that the model developed has both strengths and weaknesses, but the overall assessment is that it was well-balanced and maintains appropriate depth in relation to desired efficiency. The study shows that the analytical method is relevant and adequate to understand and describe the direction and content of futures studies and in so doing enhance their quality.

Several authors in the futures studies field have in their efforts to improve quality argued that better methods must be developed, which makes sense. But the theoretical awareness in the substantive questions upon which the studies are based is probably more important. In that light, the primary objective of this article is to formulate a method of how fundamental social issues (views on society and humanity) are addressed in a future study, apply it to one empirical case (telecommunications company Ericsson) and thereafter analyze the method’s strengths and weaknesses. The study shows that the method gained a satisfactory foothold in the material and it has an appropriate depth in relation to desired efficiency. This work has shown that the analytical method is relevant and adequate to understand and describe the orientation and contents of futures studies. Therewith, the study has generated greater awareness of fundamental assumptions in future studies that can contribute to enhancing their quality. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Som socialsekreterare inom barn och familjeenheten inom kommunal verksamhet är arbetssituation påfrestande. Dessutom är personalomsättningen hög i arbets-gruppen och påverkar verksamheten på ett negativt sätt. Studiens syfte är att arbeta fram åtgärder för att skapa förutsättningar för socialsekreterarna i deras dagliga arbete. Detta genom att ta reda på hur socialsekreterarna upplever sin arbetssituat-ion idag och hur man kan arbeta för att förbättra arbetssituationen i framtiden.

De teorier som ligger till grund för studien är arbetsmiljö, psykosocial arbetsmiljö, arbetstillfredsställelse, ledarskap och förändringsarbete.

Studien bygger på en fallstudie för att få ett djup genom att få deras värderingar och tolkningar av arbetssituationen, studien är därför uppbyggd på kvalitativa in-tervjuer. Urvalet är 17 Socialsekreterare på barn- och familjenheten i en mindre kommun i Dalarna. Intervjuerna utfördes under senhösten och vintern 2014 i en-rum med varje socialsekreterare vid flertal tillfällen.

Resultatet från studien påvisar att arbetssituationen för socialsekreterarna idag är påfrestande. Medarbetarna har ett behov av att få vara mer delaktiga i beslut som fattas inom verksamheten och att besluten är konsekventa. Personalomsättningen är hög och det finns även brister i introduktionen som arbetsgivaren skulle behöva förbättra och arbeta mer strukturerat med. Ledarskapet skapar idag en otrygghet och dålig stämning i arbetsgruppen. Dessutom har medarbetarna lågt förtroende för chefen. Det bör vara en tydligare kommunikation, dessutom bör rollfördelning ses över i verksamheten. Ett förändringsarbete behöver beaktas med fokus på le-darskap, delaktighet och gemenskap för att skapa en bättre arbetssituation för soci-alsekreterarna.

Uppsatsens syfte var att undersöka hur ledare hanterar situationer där medarbetares privata problem inverkar negativt på arbetet för både arbetsgivare och övriga medarbetare. För att få svar på det har vi inspirerats av vinjettstudie som utgår från diskussioner av fiktiva fall. Vi har genomfört studien med fyra enskilda semistrukturerade intervjuer och en fokusgruppsintervju där vi först introducerade respondenterna med vinjetterna. Deltagarna till undersökningen valdes ut genom ett subjektivt urval där vi riktade in oss på ledare, angående vilken organisation de tillhörde var av mindre vikt. I teoridelen introducerades teorierna ledarskap, medarbetarskap, individen i gruppen, ekonomi, hälsa, lagar, organisationskultur och föreskrifter samt försäkringskassans roll. Resultatet analyserades sedan mot teorierna och vi kan konstatera att respondenterna generellt menade att det var viktigt att prioritera kommunikation och relationer. Betydelsefullt var att relationerna etablerades innan problemen uppstår eftersom det anses vara svårt att skapa relationer i konfliktfyllda lägen. Tiden har betydelse vid hantering av problem av den orsaken att gränsen för vad som är acceptabelt förflyttas med tidens gång. Beroende på problem varierade graden av toleransnivå hos chefer och övriga medarbetare i vår undersökning. Resultatet visade att gränsen för privatlivets påverkan på arbetslivet går när arbetet blir misskött och när kunder och andra medarbetare påverkas. Utifrån ett genusperspektiv ansåg intervjupersonerna att det saknade betydelse om chefen var en man eller kvinna när det handlade om att hantera problem som uppkom, det ansågs vara personligt.

Spending time in nature is becoming increasingly popular in Sweden, as in many other countries, following the pandemic. In the Swedish context, the issue of funding investments and regular maintenance of recreational trails in nature is a challenge given the Allemansrätten (public access to private land), which hinders the closing of land and charging of entrance fees. Still, high-quality trails are demanded to serve as a driver for attracting visitors to destinations. 

This report looks into aspects that are relevant for a discussion on return on investment (ROI) for investments in trails, and especially hiking trails. The first section offers an outlook to a few international cases that discuss access and funding types for hiking trails. Another section uses a mini-case to evaluate a few larger trail networks in relation to guidelines for the Swedish national framework for hiking trails. 

This report highlights that people’s use of trails bring a number of benefits to society, mainly economic, environmental, and public health benefits. The economic benefits originate from spending by the visitors and direct investments during construction of trails, while environmental benefits come from reduced CO2 emissions and the public health benefits derive from reductions in health care spendings. Finally, quality of life and happiness values arise from the increased relationship between individuals and nature and social aspects. 

The report notes that a proper evaluation of ROI for trails can be conducted, with consideration of the many loopholes. The benefit side incorporates such needs as considering visitors’ potential multiple purpose of trips and how to properly value and include the non-monetary effects coming from improved health, interaction with nature, and socializing with other people. Finally, the report discusses the benefits of trail use in relation to the fulfillment of the United Nations’ sustainable development goals (SDGs). We find that investments would contribute to decent work for all and sustainable economic growth, as well as a reduction in inequalities.

A key point to emerge from this report is that, to properly use ROI for trail investments in practice, there is a need to further analyze the economic impact of hiking trail users in Sweden. 

Traditionellt har HR-arbetet främst varit fokuserat på administrativa uppgifter och inte ansetts vara tillräckligt effektivt och värdeskapande. För att HR-arbetet ska bli mer strategiskt behöver funktionen organiseras så att den tillgodoser dessa behov (Boglind et al, 2013). Vi menar att HR-funktionens relation till ledare och linjechefer är avgörande för hur framgångsrikt deras arbete blir. Syftet med detta arbete är därför att undersöka hur chefer uppfattar HR-funktionens förändrade roll och vilken typ av stöd de förväntar sig av den. Vi vill också undersöka om uppfattningen av HR-funktionen skiljer sig åt beroende på hur den är organiserad. Undersökningen är baserad på en multipel fallstudie utförd på Falu och Avesta kommun. Totalt har tretton djupintervjuer genomförts, där fem personer representerar HR-avdelningarna och åtta personer representerar linjecheferna. Falu kommun började genomföra en HR-transformation vid årsskiftet 2013/2014, Avesta kommun har inte genomfört en HR-transformation utan har funktionen uppdelad i två team.

Av empirin framkommer att linjecheferna i båda kommunerna har en ganska vag uppfattning om HR-funktionens organisation och trots de strukturella skillnaderna mellan kommunerna efterfrågar linjecheferna något mer. I Avesta är samtliga respondenter överens om att en samsyn kring HR-funktionens arbetsuppgifter inte finns på grund av att en tydlig strategi för HR-funktionen saknas. Cheferna i Avesta efterfrågar ett arbete med personalfrågor från grunden samt ett mer strategiskt arbete. I Falun visar empirin att linjechefer och HR-personer har olika åsikter kring huruvida det finns en samsyn. Även om flera linjechefer i Falun anser att HR-funktionen fungerar bättre efter transformationen efterfrågar samtliga en kontakt med en specifik HR-person istället för att kontakta ett HR-center.

Trots att de organisationer vi studerat har HR-funktioner som skiljer sig åt i storlek och struktur kan vi konstatera många likheter. Vi drar därför slutsatsen att de problem som linjecheferna beskriver inte är relaterade till HR-avdelningens organisering, utan snarare kan kopplas till en obalans i HR-arbetets inneboende dualitet som uppstått i och med ett mer strategiskt fokus. Vi anser att båda kommunernas HR-funktioner bör ha en tydlig och kontinuerlig dialog med linjecheferna för att maximera värdeskapandet dem emellan. Sammanfattningsvis menar vi att kommunerna bör lägga fokus på att identifiera vilka aspekter av personalarbetet som är värdefulla och unika för just deras organisation samt arbeta strategiskt utifrån dessa.

To have good data quality with high complexity is often seen to be important. Intuition says that the higher accuracy and complexity the data have the better the analytic solutions becomes if it is possible to handle the increasing computing time. However, for most of the practical computational problems, high complexity data means that computational times become too long or that heuristics used to solve the problem have difficulties to reach good solutions. This is even further stressed when the size of the combinatorial problem increases. Consequently, we often need a simplified data to deal with complex combinatorial problems. In this study we stress the question of how the complexity and accuracy in a network affect the quality of the heuristic solutions for different sizes of the combinatorial problem. We evaluate this question by applying the commonly used

p-median model, which is used to find optimal locations in a network of p supply points that serve n demand points. To evaluate this, we vary both the accuracy (the number of nodes) of the network and the size of the combinatorial problem (p).

The investigation is conducted by the means of a case study in a region in Sweden with an asymmetrically distributed population (15,000 weighted demand points), Dalecarlia. To locate 5 to 50 supply points we use the national transport administrations official road network (NVDB). The road network consists of 1.5 million nodes. To find the optimal location we start with 500 candidate nodes in the network and increase the number of candidate nodes in steps up to 67,000 (which is aggregated from the 1.5 million nodes). To find the optimal solution we use a simulated annealing algorithm with adaptive tuning of the temperature. The results show that there is a limited

improvement in the optimal solutions when the accuracy in the road network increase and the combinatorial problem (low

p) is simple. When the combinatorial problem is complex (large p) the improvements of increasing the accuracy in the road network are much larger. The results also show that choice of the best accuracy of the network depends on the complexity of the combinatorial (varying p) problem.

Understanding the demand and the economic impact for an event is crucial knowledge not only for the event managers and host organization but also for public planners of the region where the event takes place.

The present study measures the direct economic spending of visitors to the event Landsmot Hestamanna, The National Icelandic horse competition, which hosted in Hólar in mid June2016. The study is based on data from 404 respondents answering an on-site survey within the event arena. The key variables for the LM economic impact analysis consist of total number of visitors divided by visitor type and the average spending of the different types.

Following the recommended approach by Sun et al. (2010) segmenting visitors by loding type the preliminary findings indicate a total for the Economic impact of Landsmót 2016 to 159,7 MISK. However, there are uncertainties regarding total number of visitors to the event as well as the division of visitors in lodging type. Moreover, the study finds that international tourists spend on average approximately 30 percentages more compared to national visitors.

Denna rapport presenterar en sammanfattning av resultat från projektet Mikrobaserade beslutsstöd för hållbart turismresande och infrastruktur-planering (Miranda). Utgångspunkten har varit de oklarheter och de svårigheter som finns i att uppskatta turismen och besöksnäringens storlek och struktur på regional nivå.

Mirandaverktyget är ett mikrobaserat beslutsstödsystem för hållbar turism- och infrastrukturplanering som består av två delar, dels en teknisk plattform där flera datakällor som beskriver turismvolymer sammanförs för att kunna beräkna och presentera turismens ekonomiska effekter, dels en processmetodik för hur datakällorna samlas in och vilka aktörer i planeringssystemet som behöver samverka.

Syftet med texten är att ge en lättillgänglig beskrivning av vad Mirandaverktyget gör, vilka aktörer som kan använda det och hur den nya kunskap som Mirandaverktyget producerar kan användas i praktiken.

Sammanfattningsvis konstateras i rapporten att Mirandaverktyget i dagsläget är på dess första nivå av utveckling och att det redan nu är möjligt med ett antal analyser såsom:

·  en geografisk analys av turismens intressepunkter för en valfri destination/testområde i Sverige

·  en presentation av företag och dess ekonomi för ett urval av turistnäringens SNIs

·  uppskattningar av turismens volymer för ett valfritt studieområde

·  beskrivning av turistnäringens storlek och struktur från producentsidan och konsumentsidan

·  beskriva ekonomiska effekter av besöksnäringen och enskilda evenemang

·  initiera processer för samverkan mellan såväl privata aktörer som olika offentliga nivåer för turism-och infrastrukturplanering

Framtida utvecklingsbehov för Mirandaverktyget ligger främst inom datakvalitétsförbättringar, kalibrering av indata, visualisering och dashboard samt särskild utveckling av vissa delar (fartkameradelen samt en för scenariobyggande).

Based on research on how volunteering contributes to people’s subjective well‐being, this study uses the case of the Peace & Love festival in Borlänge, Sweden, the largest music and societal cohesion city festival in Sweden, to suggest an individual, organizational, and societal cost-benefit model, including intangible values such as subjective well-being and social capital. Previous studies on the festival’s audience correlated an individual’s subjective well‐being and their voluntary engagements. Does this relationship hold for the volunteers?

The festival calls for about 6,000 volunteers. Their contribution, in traditional economic terms, is about SEK 18 million (€2.1 million), corresponding to about 20 percent of the festival’s net turnover. Volunteers seem to be necessary to make ends meet financially. Volunteer motives, ranging from rational choice to pure altruism, are addressed. For a teenager, the weekly pass is quite expensive: as a result, some people only volunteer to get festival access. Such participants usually require more supervision than altruistic volunteers. However, the societal return may be large for this group considering the amount of young, first-time volunteers introduced to civil engagement. The festival volunteers report an average subjective well-being of 8.2 compared to the festival visitors averaging 7.6 on a scale 0–10, where 10 is the maximum, implying positive effects on the intangible values.

This paper presents the first results from a newly developed BI (business intelligence) model for the Swedish horse industry. Compared to previous studies of the impact from the horse industry we are able to present both figures for the national level as well as a decomposition to regional levels.

The size of the horse industry in Sweden for 2016, is measured departing from the expenditure approach, i.e. summing the final use of horse related goods and services. One implication of the approach is that results are comparable with overall GDP figures for a country and with other subsectors of an economy, e.g. the tourism industry or the car producing industry. The model has two main inputs. Firstly, estimates of the geographical position of all Sweden’s 355.500 horses of different type and use, based on JBVs statistics and postal codes from horse associations. Secondly, estimates of the horse owner’s consumption pattern related to their leisure or professional use. Other horse related activities like riding schools, education, race tracks, betting etc. is treated separately, measured and added to the overall calculation.

The preliminary results indicate that the horse industry in Sweden amounts to somewhere in the interval of 26-32 Billion SEK corresponding to approximately 0,5-0,6 percentage of Swedish GDP. Looking at regional variations, the region of Skåne has most horses and consistently also the region with largest share of the horse industry.

I samband med vidareutveckling av destinationer och transportsystem är turisternas önskemål ochbehov avgörande för vilka åtgärder och förändringar som kan leda till ett mer hållbart resande.Resmöjligheterna för resan till och från destinationer har stor betydelse, men även tillgängligheten, imeningen geografisk tillgänglighet, till olika besökspunkter inom destinationer. God tillgänglighetutan egen bil inom destinationen kan även påverka färdmedelsvalet för resan till och fråndestinationen.Syftet med den studie som avrapporteras här är att analysera olika kategorier av turisters resbehov,resmönster och önskemål avseende resandet till och från samt inom fyra utvalda svenska destinationer:Kiruna, Åre, Sälen och Vimmerby. Avsikten är att fördjupa kunskaperna om faktorer som kan ha eninverkan på möjligheterna att öka turistresors hållbarhet. Det empiriska material som ligger till grundför analysen är inhämtat genom enkäter till besökare på plats i destinationerna.Rapporten visar att turismen ser olika ut och har olika ekonomisk potential för olika destinationer. Detfinns stora skillnader mellan såväl resmönster (färdmedelsval) som ekonomisk effekt (mätt somgästnattskonsumtion) mellan olika kategorier av turister, olika typer av destinationer och mellan olikasäsonger.En central generell slutsats från studien är att turisterna önskar tillgänglighet till många olika besökspunkterinom destinationerna. Destinationens utformning eller fysiska struktur, det vill säga lokaliseringenav boende och besökspunkter, har alltså stor betydelse för tillgängligheten och resbehovetinom destinationen. Både destinationens fysiska struktur och tillgången till olika alternativa färdmedelär därmed viktiga för möjligheterna att öka turistresandets hållbarhet. Det innebär att god kännedomom den geografiska tillgängligheten för turister behövs för planering och utveckling av hållbaradestinationer och turistresor, liksom god kännedom om turisternas beteende och önskemål.

The recently developed socio-economic model for the horse industry in Sweden (https://hastnaringen-i-siffror.se/) estimates the turnover of the horse industry to 31,3 Billion SEK for 2016 (Heldt et.al 2018). The model enables an estimation of the impact for the national level as well as a decomposition to regional levels. Current data in the model is based on fairly crude estimates of average spending on horse-related goods and services, (e.g. boarding, veterinary services and horse equipment). 

The purpose of this paper is to estimate daily spending and daily use values a horse owner spend and place on their horse depending on relationship. Data for the study was collected using a social media survey carried out during 2020/2021 inspired by citizen science in cooperation with the Swedish Equestrian Federation. The paper estimate spending patterns on various horse-related goods and services as well as daily use values, i.e. the value a horse owner places on the daily use of their horse for its intended purpose, which could be for pleasure riding, horse showing, or competition. 

The preliminary results indicate that there is a huge difference in spending depending on relationship to the horse as well as noticeable regional differences in spending and use values. The results from this study can be used to extend the socio-economic model for the Swedish horse industry as well as inform service providers on values and willingness to pay related to horse-related goods and services.

This report summarizes activities within the overarching InterReg project MARA – Mobility and Accessibility in Rural areas, by the two Swedish partners Swedish Transport Authority ( henceforth, Trafikverket) and Dalarna University. The overall purpose of the InterReg project was to improve the accessibility and mobility in touristic remote areas of the Baltic Sea Region by increasing the capacity of transport actors. The Swedish case in the MARA consisted of two parts: one looked to improve integrated mobility planning for the boarder region Sälen in Sweden and Trysil in Norway, and the other sought to develop GIS based maps to assist in transport planning. 

The first part, the processes related to the Trafikverket planning method, Strategic Choice of Measures (SCM), was studied with the help of previous R&D and own interviews. The SCM is looked into from different perspectives, such as gender, regional development, financing, cultural clashes, and chain of command, thus identifying problems in the process and discussing countermeasures, all using the Sälen and Åre as specific case areas. 

The second part highlighted mobility demand analysis using survey data collected on-site in Sälenfjällen, 2020 as well as mobility GAP analysis using a newly developed tool D.U.GIS for the Sälen case area. Furthermore, an innovative use of Public Participation GIS (PPGIS) was included as part of the on-site survey as a test on the methods ability to collect data that could improve the early-stage planning processes of Trafikverket’s SCM method.

There are three key findings from the Swedish activities in the MARA-project. First, the maps produced by D.U.GIS can be used as analytical support in the planning process to better visualize a current mobility situation and mobility GAPs. Second, the piloting of PPGIS to improve on early-stage planning process showed potential, especially for pointing out gender differences. However, the study was conducted using a small sample and further research is needed to fully assess its potential. Third, the study of SCM identified problems in the process and discussed important issues such as early interplay between stakeholders, flexible way of working together, and continuity of the process. The study also highlighted perspectives on knowledge and competence development.

Idag råder stor konkurrens i detaljhandeln, det finns många aktörer på marknaden som slåss om samma kunder. För företagen handlar det om att behålla sina kunder och skapa starka relationer med dem. Ett sätt att arbeta med relationsmarknadsföring är att använda sig av lojalitetsprogram där lojala kunder identifieras och belönas. Många företag använder sig av lojalitetsprogram. Detta är till exempel mycket vanligt inom klädbranschen. Ett vanligt problem är att lojalitetsprogrammen liknar varandra och därför minskar deras effektivitet i att skapa lojala kunder. Undersökningen som genomförts inriktas därför på vad konsumenter uppskattar i ett lojalitetsprogram inom klädbranschen och hur lojalitetsprogrammen påverkar konsumenterna.

Syftet med denna studie är att identifiera vilka förmåner i ett lojalitetsprogram inom klädbranschen som konsumenter värdesätter och se om lojalitetsprogram har en positiv inverkan på konsumenter.

Teorier i denna studie handlar om begreppet kundlojalitet, samband mellan attityd och beteende, förmåner i lojalitetsprogram, konsumenters köpbeslutsprocess samt word-of-mouth. Studien genomfördes genom en kvantitativ metod med hjälp av webbaserade enkäter. Enkäten skickades ut till utvalda program på Högskolan Dalarna, och 123 respondenter deltog i undersökningen.

Slutsatser som kan dras från undersökningen är att konsumenterna i studien främst uppskattar ekonomiska förmåner som exempelvis rabatter, erbjudanden, bonus och gåvor. Lojalitetsprogrammen inspirerar konsumenterna till köp, påverkar deras utvärdering av de altenativa företagen där de kan göra sitt köp samt påverkar deras efterköpsbeteende. De flesta konsumenter är benägna att sprida positiv word-of-mouth genom att rekommendera lojalitetsprogram till andra.

Managers operating within the multinational environments face the challenge of dealing with a group formed by local and international employees with different backgrounds and experiences. The success of the management relies within the managerial skills of the group leader. In the case of Sweden, the political and economic stability of the country in addition to opened borders with its policies and regulations, created the multinationalism within the local population. Consequently it has affected the local labor market. This paper aims to investigate from the managerial point of view the positive and negative aspects of managing multinational based staff for the service delivery based on the ski resort Romme Alpin, Dalarna, Sweden. It was previously researched the importance of recruiting, maintaining and improving the working labor, as well as importance of human resource performance in service delivery affecting competitive advantage of the organization. Therefore, authors are focused to contribute the knowledge in creation and management of the multinational based staff. SERVQUAL model and its five dimensions were used to analyze from the managerial point of view the quality of service delivered by the multinational employees. Thus the INSQPLUS model were used as a tool to present the service delivery gap and analyze the internal characteristics of multinational teams and their effects for the service delivery. The qualitative method throughout in-depth semi-structured interviews was used in this research, in order to investigate manager’s perceptions about the effects of multinational environments for the quality of service delivery. From the conducted interviews it was observed that personal characteristics of the international employees differ from the domestic workers. Apart the economic benefits that are entailed from immigration of the labor force, service mindedness within the international employees was marked throughout the research. However, some challenges and obstacles might be seen within the employment of multinational based staff, which can influence the manager's decision and reject the international worker. Therefore the adequate management of the employees is essential for the service delivery and is researched throughout this paper involving multinational environment.

Flexible working conditions is used extensively in organizations today as a way to

create flexibility for the employer. Recently we’ve been reading in the newspapers

that this approach is a growing problem and the EU has warned Sweden twice that

abuse of these forms of employment must be stopped. The Government has recently

submitted a proposed rule change to reduce the possibility of stacking one temporary

contract after another. Borlänge kommun makes themselves more flexible with the

intermittent employments. This study aims to examine why infrequent employments,

such as the intermittent employment is used and preferred by Borlänge kommun and

how it’s perceived by affected employees in the organization. The questions related,

besides why the intermittent employment is used by the organization and how its

perceived by those involved, also includes the management of intermittent

employment and how the organization is handling work contracts. The background

information on the employment law implications gives the reader an insight into how

the regulatory framework works surrounding the topic. The theory section highlights

the main theories about flexibility and its different shapes and perspectives. For the

study a qualitative approach is used. A case study with semi-structured interviews was

performed. The respondents were employees involved in the staffing of intermittent

employees and also members of the staff with an intermittent employment. The

results show that the employment and contracts is correctly handled by labour law

regulations. This study shows that Borlänge kommun uses intermittent employments

extensively, with its 1 320 intermittently employees. If this is abuse, or not, is not

clear from the result. The authors discuss, however, if that is the case. The

intermittent employment is used mainly because of the great needs. This is because

society is changing and the average age is increasing, both by those using the services

and the employees. All respondents perceive the intermittent employment as most

flexible for the employees. Respondents working in the staffing department say that

they are not flexible enough. The intermittent employees’ working today does not

cover the great need. Borlänge kommun think that the flexibility should benefit them

more and is currently trying to become more flexible. The employees were generally

satisfied with their work situation. Some tendencies of insecurity and uncertainty

could be inferred from the intermittent employees answers. The author’s conclusions

are that flexibility and the intermittent employment contracts mainly benefit the

employer and the employees who actively choose this type of work, such as students.

This kind of employment affects, however, the society and those who need a secure

lifestyle. The necessary permanent contracts are becoming fewer and replaced by

precarious and flexible employment conditions.

If students are to build knowledge, it is important to connect disciplinary knowledge to students’ everyday knowledge when teaching. In this study, the relationship between disciplinary- and everyday knowledge in subject-teaching is analysed, based on the semantic dimensions used in Legitimation Code Theory. Un-packing disciplinary concepts through concrete examples implies a shift towards a context-dependent everyday knowledge, while re-packing them entails a shift towards disciplinary abstractions and context-independent generalizations. Over time these shifts constitute so-called semantic waves argued to facilitate students´ knowledge building. Earlier research suggest that the form of these semantic waves can differ between school-subjects. Therefore, this article examines semantic waves in two contrasting subjects – Mathematics and Social Science Education, aiming at a better understanding of how and why semantic waves differ. The results reveal that the forms of semantic waves differ between the two subjects. In Mathematics, when teaching different geometrical concepts, the semantic shifts through un-packing and re-packing were frequent and evenly distributed. When teaching about pricing and household in Social Science, un-packing activities dominated, making shifts biased towards everyday knowledge. These differences are discussed in terms of semantic waves constituting a different pulse when making knowledge-building possible in Mathematics and Social Science.