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  • 1.
    Aalto-Hardy, Annette
    Dalarna University, School of Languages and Media Studies, French.
    Les influences françaises dans la Russie tsariste: sur les réformes culturelles, sociales et politiques2013Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [fr]

    Le mémoire traite de l’influence des idées françaises des Lumières sur la Russie et son évolution, notamment sociale, politique et culturelle. Cette étude est concentrée sur les deux tsars les plus célèbres et leur règne respectifs, Pierre Ier le Grand et Catherine II la Grande puisqu’ils ont été à l’origine de la plupart des réformes. Une description de la Russie avant l'époque de Pierre Ier et du siècle des Lumières, ses philosophes et ses idées fondamentales, est aussi présentée. Le mémoire se termine par une brève discussion sur les réformes essentielles faites dans la Russie tsariste.

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  • 2.
    Aanstoot, Janna
    Dalarna University, School of Language, Literatures and Learning, Swedish as Second Language.
    Att mäta progression i svenska som andraspråkstexter2023Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Studiens syfte är att analysera hur texter skrivna av studenter i svenska som andraspråk på B-nivå förändras kvantitativt och kvalitativt över tid under sina studier vid Korta vägen, en uppdragsutbildningpå universitet och studieförbund beställd av Arbetsförmedlingen. Nio deltagare producerade en text i början av utbildningen och en i slutet av utbildningen och dessa texter analyserades med avseende på totalt antal ord, medellängd på meningarna (ord/mening = MLM), kvotbisatser vs huvudsatser samt andel felaktiga och svårbedömda satser. Resultatet visar att förändringen av antalet ord bedöms som signifikant på gruppnivå med en effektstorlek på mediumnivå (>0,5) (Cohen’s d = 0,511) mellan den första och andra texten. Vad gäller förändringen av medellängd på meningar över tid bedöms denna som signifikant på lägsta nivå (<0,2) (Cohen’s d =0,367). Den största förändringen som visar sig i studien är dock andelen bisatser vs huvudsatser där effektstorlek bedöms som stor (>0,8) och högst signifikant (Cohen’s d = 1,677). De kvalitativa lingvistiska fel som studenterna gjort har klassificerats i nio kategorier: 1. felaktig interpunktion, 2. problem med svensk ordföljd, 3. adverb uppfattas felaktigt som bisatsinledare, 4. bisats står ensam, 5. bisatsinledaren behärskas inte så studenten gör två huvudsatser, 6. behövlig satsdel saknas, 7. fasta uttryck behärskas inte grammatiskt, 8. inskjutning av ord som inte följer svensk syntax, 9. betydelsen av satsen är svårtolkad. I diskussionen anknyts till Bulté och Housens (2012) modell över språklig komplexitet samt processbarhetsteorin (Pienemann & Håkansson, 1999). Slutsatsen är att både längd och bisatser är en viktig del av progressionen i studenters andraspråkstexter men att kvalitativa felanalyser fortfarande krävs för att bedöma förändringens kvalitet.

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  • 3.
    Abdul Kareem, Ala'a
    Dalarna University, School of Education and Humanities, Comparative Literature.
    A Psychoanalytical Reading of Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights: An Analysis of the Defense Mechanisms of Some Characters2011Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This essay presents a portrayal of Heathcliff, Catherine and Isabella from a psychoanalytical perspective with regard to four defense mechanisms; namely, repression, denial, sublimation and projection in order to see how these defense mechanisms have affected the characters’ decisions and behaviour, and led them to their destinations in life. It will include three major sections: repression in characters, denial in characters, and sublimation and projection in characters. These terms will be more clearly defined and explained in the subsequent sections.

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  • 4.
    Abdulmuslimova, Nurbika
    Dalarna University, School of Language, Literatures and Learning.
    Möjligheter och utmaningar med webbaserad SFI-undervisning: En kvalitativ studie om sex lärares uppfattningar om fjärr- och distansundervisning på SFI kurs C under Coronapandemin 20202021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med denna studie är att skapa kunskap om SFI-lärares arbete kring webbaserad undervisning, samt vilka digitala verktyg de använder och på vilket sätt lärarna främjar språkinlärning, när det gäller muntlig interaktion och produktion och vilka metoder som används. Jag vill också ta reda på vad SFI-lärarna har för utmaningar och möjligheter med undervisning på distans.Den här studien bygger på den sociokulturella teorin. Metoden som används är kvalitativ. Materialet samlades med hjälp av enkäter som skickades via mejl till sex SFI-lärare från tre olika skolor. Resultatet av undersökningen visade att de tillfrågade SFI-lärarnas fjärrundervisningstimmar skiljer sig mellan 3h och 15h. Resultatet visade också att samtliga tillfrågade SFI-lärare använder Microsoft Teams och Lunis Liber som digitala hjälpmedel vid fjärr- och distansundervisning. Studien har även tydliggjort att vid webbaserad undervisning uppstår problem med teknik och dåligt nätverk. Samtliga tillfrågade lärare försöker använda den största delen av lektionen till att utveckla elevernas muntliga färdigheter och finner det väldigt utmanande på distans. I resultatet framgick också att samla bedömningsunderlag är mycket svårare på distans. Vidare visade resultatet att IT-support är önskvärt både för lärare och elever. Att genomföra prov, läxförhör och hörförståelse är något lärarna endast kan utföra på plats. De möjligheter med webbaserad undervisning som resultatet tog fram är: flexibilitet, besparing av tid, bättre elevkontakt, mer individ anpassad undervisning samt den digitala kompetensen utvecklas både hos lärare och elever. Avslutningsvis presenteras förslag till vidare forskning.

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  • 5.
    Abelin, Åsa
    et al.
    Göteborgs universitet.
    Thorén, Bosse
    Dalarna University, School of Humanities and Media Studies, Swedish as Second Language.
    The Perceptual Weight of Word Stress, Quantity and Tonal Word Accent in Swedish2017In: Phonology in Protolanguage and Interlanguage / [ed] Elena Babatsouli and David Ingram, Equinox Publishing, 2017, p. 316-341Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    When teaching the pronunciation of an additional language, the teacher should know which properties to give high priority and which to give lower priority. The present study aims at ranking the perceptual weight among the three phonemic prosodic contrasts of Swedish, namely word stress, quantity and tonal word accent. In two experiments, native Swedish subjects were presented with several disyllabic sequences; intact words, nonsense words and words that were distorted with respect to the three prosodic contrasts. The distorted words were not members of minimal pairs. In addition to intact words and non-word distractors, subjects heard originally trochaic words pronounced with iambic stress pattern and vice versa, originally /VːC/ words pronounced as /VCː/ and originally accent I words pronounced with accent II and vice versa. Listeners should decide whether the words were real words or not. The result shows that words with changed word accent category were rather easy to identify, words with changed stress pattern harder to identify, and changed quantity category caused most problems.

  • 6.
    Abelin, Åsa
    et al.
    Göteborgs universitet.
    Thorén, Bosse
    Dalarna University, School of Humanities and Media Studies, Swedish as Second Language.
    The relative perceptual weight of two Swedish prosodic contrasts2015In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Monolingual and Bilingual Speech 2015 / [ed] Elena Babatsouli, David Ingram, Chania 73100, Greece: Institute of Monolingual and Bilingual Speech , 2015, p. 1-7Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Abstract. In addition to 9 vowel and 18 consonant phonemes, Swedish has three prosodic phonemic contrasts: word stress, quantity and tonal word accent. There are also examples of distinctive phrase or sentence stress, where a verb can be followed by either an unstressed preposition or a stressed particle. This study focuses on word level and more specifically on word stress and tonal word accent in disyllabic words. When making curriculums for second language learners, teachers are helped by knowing which phonetic or phonological features are more or less crucial for the intelligibility of speech and there are some structural and anecdotal evidence that word stress should play a more important role for intelligibility of Swedish, than the tonal word accent. The Swedish word stress is about prominence contrasts between syllables, mainly signaled by syllable duration, while the tonal word accent is signaled mainly by pitch contour. The word stress contrast, as in armen [´arːmən] ‘the arm’ - armén [ar´meːn] ‘the army’, the first word trochaic and the second iambic, is present in all regional varieties of Swedish, and realized with roughly the same acoustic cues, while the tonal word accent, as in anden [´anːdən] ‘the duck’ - anden [`anːdən] ‘the spirit’ is absent in some dialects (as well as in singing), and also signaled with a variety of tonal patterns depending on region. The present study aims at comparing the respective perceptual weight of the two mentioned contrasts. Two lexical decision tests were carried out where in total 34 native Swedish listeners should decide whether a stimulus was a real word or a non-word. Real words of all mentioned categories were mixed with nonsense words and words that were mispronounced with opposite stress pattern or opposite tonal word accent category. The results show that distorted word stress caused more non-word judgments and more loss, than distorted word accent. Our conclusion is that intelligibility of Swedish is more sensitive to distorted word stress pattern than to distorted tonal word accent pattern. This is in compliance with the structural arguments presented above, and also with our own intuition.

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  • 7.
    Abelin, Åsa
    et al.
    Göteborgs universitet.
    Thorén, Bosse
    Dalarna University, School of Humanities and Media Studies, Swedish as Second Language.
    What affects recognition most – wrong wordstress or wrong word accent?2015In: Proceedings of Fonetik 2015, Lund University, Sweden / [ed] Malin Svensson Lundmark, Gilbert Ambrazaitis and Joost van de Weijer, 2015, Vol. 55, p. 7-10Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In an attempt to find out which of the two Swedish prosodic contrasts of 1) wordstress pattern and 2) tonal word accent category has the greatest communicative weight, a lexical decision experiment was conducted: in one part word stress pattern was changed from trochaic to iambic, and in the other part trochaic accentII words were changed to accent I.Native Swedish listeners were asked to decide whether the distorted words werereal words or ‘non-words’. A clear tendency is that listeners preferred to give more‘non-word’ responses when the stress pattern was shifted, compared to when wordaccent category was shifted. This could have implications for priority of phonological features when teaching Swedish as a second language.

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  • 8.
    Abenius, Jessica
    Dalarna University, School of Humanities and Media Studies, Swedish as Second Language.
    Studiehandledning på modersmål ur studiehandledares egna perspektiv2017Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Sedan år 2011 ligger det i skolans uppdrag att ordna med studiehandledning på modersmål, en stödinsats som är tätt sammankopplad med modersmålsundervisning. I skolförordningen, som reglerar Sveriges alla skolformer, kan man läsa att elever som behöver studiehandledning på sitt modersmål ska få det (Skolförordningen, 5. kap, 4 §). Syftet med den här studien är att skapa förståelse om studiehandledning på modersmål utifrån studiehandledarnas egna perspektiv samt utifrån innehållet i styrdokument.

    Studien baseras på halvstrukturerade intervjuer med tre informanter som arbetar som studiehandledare på modersmål på en gymnasieskola och på en granskning av styrdokument där studiehandledning på modersmål nämns. Resultatet visar att informanterna känner sig välbehövda och viktiga i sin yrkesroll. De vittnar om att nyanlända elever behöver stöttning i sitt modersmål för att nå de utsatta målen i ett eller flera ämnen. Det framgår dock att samarbetet mellan studiehandlarna och ämneslärarna behöver bli bättre för att lektionerna ska kunna planeras och utföras på ett bra sätt. Även studiehandledarnas status på skolan behöver höjas, som det ser ut nu så arbetar de i det tysta med ansvar för ett stort antal elever.

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  • 9.
    Abid Adnan, Tahani
    Dalarna University, School of Teacher Education.
    L’enseignement de la grammaire en classe de FLE: Quelles démarches pédagogiques sont aujourd'hui adoptées en Suède pour l'enseignement de la grammaire ?2023Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The grammar teaching and its effectiveness have been at the centre of several studies, where it has been observed that learning a new language is often facilitated by the proficiency in its grammatical elements.

    The purpose of this study is, on the one hand, to better understand how teachers in Sweden teach grammar in French as a foreign language (FLE). On the other hand, we have also studied the attitude of teachers and students towards the teaching of grammar and observed the pedagogical approaches adopted in the textbooks of FLE for the teaching of grammar.

    A qualitative method was used for this study. Interviews with four teachers teaching French, nine observation sessions during FLE to see closely the methods used to teach grammar and questionnaires distributed to students learning French as a foreign language in 9th grade. In addition, two textbooks for class 7 were selected to examine the grammatical approaches expressed in the grammar exercises.

    From the responses received during the interviews, we can see that teachers' attitudes towards the importance of grammar are very positive, but they believe that grammar needs to be stated more clearly in the curriculum and the CERC. Our data show also that teachers in French prefer to include grammar through explicit rather than implicit instruction, and that they use explicit, inductive, or deductive grammar instruction to provide better understanding to learners.

    The 15 answers to the questionnaire allowed us to understand that most studentswho participated have a positive attitude towards the role of French grammar and that they needto know grammar to speak French. The results of the questionnaire also showed that studentsprefer deduction-based teaching to learn the grammar of the target language.

    As for the two textbooks, they do not follow the same didactic approaches. In the textbook La Nouvelle Chouette B, the learner is led to discover grammatical notions through a support text or corpus and a series of exercises, and this is guided by the teacher. However, we find that the Arc en Ciel 7 textbook follows an explicit and deductive approach because a grammar rule is always stated and explained to students in French and Swedish with some supporting examples, at the beginning of each chapter. Then, the students do a series of exercises where they learn to apply the grammar rule.

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  • 10.
    Abkarian, Annie
    Dalarna University, School of Humanities and Media Studies, English.
    Challenging Phallocentrism in Rabih Alameddine's An Unnecessary Woman2020Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 11.
    Abou Dib, Fadi
    Dalarna University, School of Language, Literatures and Learning, Arabic.
    تاريخ اللاوعي: شيلينغ والوقوف عل حافة "الهاوية"2023In: مثاقفات, ISSN 2732-4850, no 8, p. 2-9Article in journal (Other academic)
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  • 12.
    Abou Dib, Fadi
    Dalarna University, School of Humanities and Media Studies, Arabic.
    تعاليم الأنثى السِّرّيّة عند جبران خليل جبران2020In: مدى, no 10Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 13.
    Abou Dib, Fadi
    Dalarna University, School of Language, Literatures and Learning, Arabic.
    خطاب اللاوعي في فصول من حياة جبرا إبراهيم جبرا2022Other (Other academic)
    Abstract [ar]

    لا شكّ في أنه من غير الممكن أن نتحدث عن أعماق حياة الإنسان من دون اعتبار الفتوحات المعرفية والملاحظات المدهشة التي أنجزتها كشوفات التحليل النفسي وعلم النفس التحليلي عند فرويد ويونغ وغيرهما من علماء النفس. وإذا كان هذا صحيحاً بشكل عام، فإنّه ولا ريب مثار اهتمام كبير حين يتعلق الأمر بالإبداعات الإنسانية من فنون وآداب وغير ذلك. ولكن الأكثر إثارة هو حين يلحظ المبدع عمل اللاوعي، الفردي والجمعي، بغض النظر عن التسمية التي قد يطلقها عليه: قوى الحياة، إرادة الكون، رسائل الوجود، إلى آخره. ولعلّه من الصواب القول إنّ هذا الوعي لما هو متعالٍ أو غير واعٍ أو فائق للعاديّ يترافق بإدراك للذات وتفرّدها وبتلمّس دورها التاريخي بوصفها شخصية غائيّة وعلاقتها بالزمان والمكان ليست عشوائية أو اعتباطية. هكذا إذن ينظر الإنسان إلى نفسه من منظور تاريخيّ، أي من زاوية حدس المعنى والغاية والرسالة.

    بهذا المعنى تبرز إشارات اللاوعي، الفردي والجمعي/الكوني، في فصول عديدة من حياة الروائي والناقد والكاتب الكبير جبرا إبراهيم جبرا، ويبرز وعيه الشخصي لكثير من هذه الإشارات، والتي سنتناولها في ضوء بعض المفاهيم والتصوّرات والتجارب الشخصية التي كشفها عالم النفس التحليلي السويسري كارل غوستاف يونغ.

  • 14.
    Abou Dib, Fadi
    Dalarna University, School of Humanities and Media Studies, Arabic.
    شخصيّة معلّم الحكمة في روايتي «مرداد » و «اليوم الأخير » لميخائيل نعيمة2020In: عود الند, ISSN 1756-4212, no 16, p. 46-58Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 15.
    Abozidan, Elias
    Dalarna University, School of Humanities and Media Studies, English.
    On the Second-Generation Migrants’ Hybridity and Otherness in Hanif Kureishi’s The Buddha of Suburbia. 2015Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 16. Abu-Deeb, Kamal
    Al- Jurjani's Theory of Poetic Imagery1979Book (Refereed)
  • 17.
    Abu-Deeb, Kamal
    Dalarna University, School of Languages and Media Studies, Arabic.
    al-Sūnaytāt aw al-tawāshīḥ al-kāmilah: bi-al-lughatayn al-ʻArabīyah wa-al-Inklīzīyah2012Book (Other academic)
  • 18.
    Abu-Deeb, Kamal
    Dalarna University, School of Languages and Media Studies, Arabic.
    الأدب العجائبي والعالم الغرائبي: في كتاب العظمة وفن السرد العربي2007Book (Other academic)
  • 19. Abu-Deeb, Kamal
    جماليات التجاور: أو تشابك الفضاءات الإبداعية1998Book (Other academic)
  • 20. Abu-Deeb, Kamal
    عذابات المتنبي: في صحبة كمال أبو ديب والعكس بالعكس 201 هجرية ـ2001 ميلادية1996Book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 21.
    Abu-Deeb, Kamal
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Languages and Media Studies, Arabic.
    Nabsh, Dalal
    ديوان التدبيج: فتنة الإبداع وذروة الإمتاع2010Book (Other academic)
  • 22.
    Adelqvist, Liselott
    Dalarna University, School of Language, Literatures and Learning.
    Språkutvecklande arbetssätt på introduktionsprogrammet: Ämneslärarnas arbete för språkutvecklande arbetssätt i undervisningen2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    På introduktionsprogrammet går elever som är mellan 16-19 år gamla och som inte har bott i Sverige i mer än fyra år. Eleverna strävar efter att få betyg för åk. 9 i svenska som andraspråk, matematik och i engelska och i minst fem ämnen till. För att eleverna ska ha en möjlighet att klara av de stora utmaningar som de ställs inför måste ämneslärarna arbeta på med ett språkutvecklande arbetssätt i NO, SO och matematik och stödja eleverna i ämnesspecifika läs-och skrivaktiviteter. Lärarna behöver erbjuda adekvat stöttning för att elevernas kunskapsutveckling ska ske som leder till måluppfyllelse.Undersökningens syfte är att undersöka hur fem ämneslärare arbetar språkutvecklande på språkintroduktionen för att eleverna ska nå goda studieresultat. Studien utgörs av intervjuer och observationer, men även av enkäter som har delats ut till lärarna. Analysen är kvalitativ eftersom frågorna i enkäterna var öppna. Resultatet visar att lärarna mestadels har en medvetenhet kring språkets betydelse i sina ämnen. Eftersom de arbetar på språkintroduktionen har de en förståelse för att de måste lägga fokus på språket även om de arbetar som ämneslärare. Det finns dock stora variationer i hur lärarna arbetar med stöttning och att de har olika uppfattning i hur man stöttar eleverna bäst för att de ska nå goda studieresultat.

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  • 23.
    Aderhold, Madeleine
    Dalarna University, School of Humanities and Media Studies, German.
    Zwischen Entwicklungsroman und Romantasy: Komparative Konfliktlösung in deutschsprachiger Fantasyliteratur anhand der Edelstein und Zeit Trilogie2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [de]

    Diese Examensarbeit vergleicht zwei phantastische Jugendbücher aus dem Bereich der Romantic Fantasy (Romantasy) und analysiert inwiefern diese als Entwicklungsromane gelten. Die Trilogien sind die Edelstein Trilogie von Kerstin Gier und die Zeit Trilogie von Sandra Regnier. Der erste Abschnitt definiert und zeigt die Merkmale und Muster von Entwicklungsromanen, Fantasy und Romantasy auf. Der zweite Teil analysiert beide Trilogien auf ihre dargestellten Konflikte, die die Protagonisten bewältigen müssen und deren erfolgten Entwicklungsprozess. Es wird gezeigt wie phantastische Aspekte den Entwicklungsprozess beeinflussen und wo sich Merkmale des Entwicklungsromans in moderner Jugendbuchliteratur wiederfinden lassen.

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  • 24.
    Adolphson, Ulrica
    Dalarna University, School of Humanities and Media Studies.
    Elever i kommunikation med lärare: En samtalsanalytisk studie i klassrummet2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 25.
    Agerberg, Alexandra
    Dalarna University, School of Humanities and Media Studies, German.
    Digitale Kompetenzen auf dem Stundenplan2018Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Aim:

    the paper at hand has four aims. Firstly, it examines teachers’ own understanding of the term digital competence. Secondly, a closer look is taken at how teachers assess their own digital competence. For this purpose, the term digital competence was divided into three aspects: technical, didactical and theoretical competences all of which shed a different light on the main term digital competence but are equally important in the implementation of digital competence in successful teaching and as according to the changes made to the Swedish curriculum in 2018. Thirdly, this paper tries to investigate how often digital competence and digital tools and media are implemented in language teaching and fourthly, a look is taken at what digital tools and media are at the teachers’ disposal and how their use is applied.

    Design/methods/ approach:

    Empirical study made with the help of an online questionnaire which was sent do different secondary schools in Sweden inviting language teachers to participate. The answers given in the survey are analysed and quantitatively and qualitatively presented. The results found are discussed and compared with other recent literature and research papers in the field of ICT and digital competence in teaching.

    Findings:

    according to the results, the author of this paper found that the teachers who participated in this study have a very varied understanding of the term digital competence. The definitions given reflect the terms complexity and the individual relations to the term itself and what importance is given to the digital tools and media associated. When asked to assess their own digital competences, which were divided into technical, didactical and theoretical digital competences, the participating teachers gave their own competences a generally high rating. Nevertheless, differences can be noted and the assessment, although generally high for all the competences involved, does show a falling curve in which the participants rate their technical digital competence at the highest and their theoretical digital competence at the lowest.

    According to the results analysed, digital tools and media are implemented in teaching on a regular and even daily basis and teachers generally have a broad variety of tools and media at their disposal. However, the study shows that the frequent use of these tools does not seem to have had an impact or changed the basic way they are applied in language teaching. A comparison with earlier studies and literature shows that a lack of methods may be the reason for the stagnation of development in this field.

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  • 26.
    Agerberg, Alexandra
    Dalarna University, School of Humanities and Media Studies, German.
    Im Zwiegespräch mit dem Computer: ICT und digitale Kompetenzen zur Förderung und zur Motivation der Sprachentwicklung von Lernern einer Fremdsprache mit Focus auf die mündliche Sprachentwicklung2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Aim

    – The paper at hand has three aims which are based on the recent adjustments made to the Swedish curriculum which take effect in summer 2018 and stipulate the implementation of digital competence in all subjects. Firstly, the study examines the effect of ICT and digital media/ aids on the WTC and motivation of second language learners. Secondly, a look is taken at how ICT and digital media/ aids are implemented in teaching today and thirdly, the challenges teachers face by the diverse interpretation and definition of the term digital competence and its realization in the classroom are investigated.

    Design/methodology/approach

    – The study is a literature review in which recent literature and research papers in the field of ICT in teaching with focus on second language teaching and learning were examined.

    Findings

    – According to the results, the author found that the use of ICT and digital media/ aids have a positive effect on the WTC and motivation of second language learners when used appropriately. The challenges teachers face in this respect is a lack of methods and strategies as well as technical support that are needed to successfully implement ICT in their lessons. Especially the lack of technical support is viewed as a time consuming one as it requires teachers to have a back-up-plan which in effect means more lesson planning on their part. Additionally and in regard to the implementation of digital competences in all subjects, teachers are faced with new challenges which comprise a technical; theoretical and didactical knowledge of the term and its practical realization. Due to the recency of the changes made to the curriculum, the investigation of the challenges that present themselves to the teachers open up for new research that can be made in this field.

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  • 27.
    Agerberg, Alexandra
    Dalarna University, School of Humanities and Media Studies, English.
    Jay Gatsby and Myrtle Wilson – Victims of Illusion and Destined to Fail: A Study of False-Consciousness in The Great Gatsby 2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 28.
    Ahl, Josefin
    Dalarna University, School of Humanities and Media Studies, English.
    "That Little Box of Light": The Presence of Photography in John Banville’s Ghosts 2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 29.
    Ahlgren, Ella
    Dalarna University, School of Language, Literatures and Learning.
    Translating Hamilton in Japanese: analysis of translation methods used in singable translations2024Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Singable translation of music is widely debated within the field. For some, singable translation is something a translator should not do, as it might require modification to the rhythm and melody which take the translated piece too far from the original. On the other hand, such translation is advocated by empathizing the importance of audience hearing and understanding the song in their own language.

    This paper examines and discusses the translation techniques used in a singable translation of the Broadway musical Hamilton, translated from English into Japanese. The musical has been officially translated for performing only in German, in contrast to another famous American musical, West Side Story, which by 2001 had been translated into 12 different languages, including Japanese (Gottlieb, 2001). However, according to Gen Parton-Shin, a Japanese-American actor working in the scene, the musical Hamilton is said to be impossible to translate into Japanese (2019). Through examining unofficial Japanese singable fan translations using Yoko Hasegawa and Peter Low’s established techniques and principles, this paper argues the statement to be false: the translators have found equivalent expressions to apply as their most often used translation technique, combined with frequent use of borrowed words and lines, it proves there are ways to convey the story in Japanese as well.

  • 30.
    Ahlrik, Åsa
    Dalarna University, School of Humanities and Media Studies, Swedish as Second Language.
    Att arbeta med skönlitteratur inom SVA och SVE: En kvalitativ studie av hur arbete med skönlitteratur kan se ut inom SVA och SVE inom vuxenutbildningen.2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    The purpose of this study is to compare Swedish as a second language (SVA) and Swedish (SVE) with focus on how the teachers think about literary studies. Interviews with three teachers in each course have been made. The results of the study are indicative rather than measurable. The interviews show that the aspect of language is more important to the SVA-teachers. There are differences in the curriculums, not only connected to the aim of developing an acceptable language, but also in contents. The teachers in SVA chose modern literature and the teacher in SVE chose classic literature and this is coherent with the curriculum. The conclusions are that the aim on developing the language in SVA is necessary, since the students who are attending that course not have reached the same level in language as the SVE-students have. But earlier research in the subject indicates that the capability to read different kind of literature does not need to be connected with skills in language. There are no justifiable arguments for the differences in content in the curriculum according to literary studies. The students may have advantages in discussing literature in mixed classes but the prework need to be different with the starting point that the students in SVA need more help with the understanding of words. The difficulties with the understanding of the whole book do not necessarily have a connection with the difficulties with the language.

  • 31. Ahlström, Jill
    Får jag vara med?: En innehållsanalys av två läromedel i svenska som andraspråk på gymnasiet med fokus på etnisk och religiös mångfald2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Abstract: Syftet med uppsatsen har varit att undersöka i vilken utsträckning läromedel i svenska som andraspråk på gymnasiet innehåller etnisk och religiös mångfald, samt hur utvalda delar framställs med fokus på etnisk och religiös inkludering. Arbetets teoretiska ramverk har utgjorts av representationsteori, begreppet orientalism samt begreppet etnocentrism. Det material som undersöktes var två basläromedel i Svenska som andraspråk 2 på gymnasienivå. Studiens primära metod var kvantitativ innehållsanalys, men en kvalitativ innehållsanalys utfördes även i kompletterande syfte. Den kvantitativa textanalysen är avgränsad till de litteraturhistoriska delarna, medan den kvalitativa innehållsanalysen samt bildanalysen undersöker läromedlen i sin helhet. Det huvudsakliga resultatet var att en genomgående skillnad har kunnat avslöjas mellan läromedlen inom såväl den etniska som den religiösa mångfalden. Ett annat centralt fynd rör den knappa förekomsten av religion i läromedlen. De kvantitativa resultaten redovisas genom stapel- och cirkeldiagram vilka visar att förekomsten av etnisk och religiös mångfald i läromedlens text och bilder är begränsad samt att denna mångfald skiljer sig åt i de båda läromedlen.

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  • 32.
    Ahmad, Mahmoud
    Dalarna University, School of Humanities and Media Studies, French.
    L’usage de la naïveté dans les contes philosophiques Candide et Le Petit Prince2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis focuses on the study of the choice of a naive hero and the philosophical tale by Voltaire and Saint-Exupéry in Candide and The Little Prince. We first defined what we mean by naivety, the philosophical tale and children’s literature theories. We checked the hypothesis that naivety allows the protagonists to be porous and open to the experiences that they encounter. They are not obtuse, stubborn, they are ready to learn because they are naive. We also highlighted the advantage of the naive character of the protagonist and the philosophical tale to convey a message to the readers. We also tried to understand the reasons that encouraged the two authors to choose these literary genres (philosophical tale and children’s literature). Finally, we studied the evolution and learning process of the protagonists. The learning happened at the end of the journey for Candide and during the journey for the little prince and in their evolution other characters assisted them.

  • 33.
    Ahmad, Ramiar
    Dalarna University, School of Language, Literatures and Learning.
    The influence of yakuwarigo and gendered language on character portrayals: A case study of the Japanese translation of Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets by JK Rowling2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The book Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, written by the prolific author J.K.Rowling, is a popular piece of fiction that has been adapted into a film as well as severalvideogames. The book has also been translated from its original English into dozens oflanguages, including Japanese. Translations can differ from their original counterparts,especially when the languages in question differ in their syntax and cultural norms. Thesedifferences can potentially alter the original author’s intended character portrayals.This project aimed to evaluate the effect of gendered language and yakuwarigo on charactervoices in the Japanese translation of Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets. Fourcharacters – Hermione, Hagrid, Dumbledore, and McGonagall – were evaluated bymeans of their spoken dialogue in the book. The English lines of dialogue and their Japanesecounterparts were extracted from the book and analysed.The results of the dialogue-analysis show that the dialogue in the Japanese version of thebook was more gendered, and exhibited typical signs of role language. These findingswere corroborated through the use of separate questionnaires for Japanese and Englishparticipants. The questionnaires asked participants to determine the gender and role ofcharacters purely on the basis of certain lines in the book, with no external contextprovided. Japanese participants managed to identify both the gender and role of charactersmore accurately.

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  • 34.
    Ahmadi, Sanaz
    Dalarna University, School of Humanities and Media Studies, Japanese.
    Sorry for Thanking You: Expressions of Gratitude and Apology in Favor Asking Messages of Swedish Advanced Learners of Japanese2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [ja]

    日本語を勉強する外国人の重大な問題の一つは語用論と談話に関連する難しさである。言語習得には文化的な要素が重要であるが、文化の経験がない学習者が基本的な間違いをする人が多人数である。スウェーデン人の日本語学生に支障になる事の中では相手に迷惑や失礼を回避するような方法で要求文を作成する事である。文化的な相違点を参考にし、スウェーデン人の日本語学生に要求の言語行為のDCTを使いインターネット調査を行った。調べるにあたって注目した点は依頼の場合でのポライトネス・ストラテジーという言語行為である。結果的にスウェーデン人の日本語学生の間違いは特の言語行為による事ではなく、国の社会が個人主義か集団主義かという事によるようだ。スウェーデンは日本と比較して個人主義な社会である事で個人を基本とするポライトネス・ストラテジーを用いる事が多い。

  • 35.
    Aida Niendorf, Mariya
    Dalarna University, School of Humanities and Media Studies, Japanese.
    Cross-cultural analysis of Finnish vs. Japanese politeness strategies2018Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 36.
    Aida Niendorf, Mariya
    Dalarna University, School of Humanities and Media Studies, Japanese.
    Cross-Cultural Analysis of Swedish vs. Japanese Politeness Strategies2018Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Japanese politeness discourse varies in complexity according to social distance, relative power between speakers, and social situations. However, the attitude surveys I conducted over the past eight years indicate that Swedish learners of Japanese often do not see the necessity of learning polite discourse and often view such forms negatively. Intentionally or unintentionally, Swedish students often fail to use appropriate politeness strategies as Sweden is one of the most egalitarian societies in the world, with the elimination of the second person plural form ni to indicate a higher level of politeness reflecting this change. However, it is important to point out to foreign language learners that cultural and social norms are not cross-culturally interchangeable and that speakers must often adapt to the language they are learning and the culture they find themselves in.

    Cross-cultural data on polite discourse shows that the politeness strategies differ considerably across cultures. While politeness, respect, and formality are closely associated in Japanese (e.g., Ide 1989, 2006; Matsumoto 1988, 1989, 1993) Swedish speakers perceive respect and politeness as separate matters (Björk 2014; Brumark 2006; Utrzén 2011; Norrbom 2006). Studies have also found that while Japanese speakers are inclined to use verbal politeness strategies, Swedish speakers tend to express respect through non-verbal actions or behaviors (Norrbom 2006; Pizziconi 2008; Utrzén 2011).

    Language and identity are closely related, and language use is based on culture and society. Understanding both one’s own politeness strategies as well as foreign norms can help learners realize how culture, language, and their own identity are intertwined. Learners of Japanese should therefore consider polite discourse as part of the rules of the language rather than as something that can be modified based on one’s opinion.

    Based on an analysis of cross-cultural differences in politeness strategies between Japanese and Swedish seen from both cultural and linguistic viewpoints, this study investigates politeness strategies used by Swedish and Japanese speakers by conducting attitude surveys and by analyzing the types of pragmatic errors made by Swedish learners of Japanese along with possible reasons for such errors.

    Teaching communicative competence is extremely important in language instruction. Speakers can avoid embarrassing situations and conflicts caused by misunderstandings if they are aware of differences in inter-cultural pragmatics. Studies have shown that pragmatics can be taught effectively by using appropriate methods and tools (Cohen & Ishihara 2005, Bardovi-Harlig & Mahan-Taylor 2003). By demonstrating the use of the Japanese honorific system more systematically and contrasting it with Swedish politeness strategies, I aim to motivate students to learn honorific expressions, thus enabling them to communicate more successfully in Japanese.

    In this presentation, I will first offer various definitions and views of politeness in Japan and Sweden suggested by previous studies and discuss the reasons why these came to be viewed as they are today. Second, Swedish speakers’ attitudes toward the use of Japanese polite forms will be examined using data from the surveys and error analyses I conducted. Finally, various methods for overcoming cross-cultural miscommunication caused by differences in politeness strategies will be discussed.

     

  • 37.
    Aida Niendorf, Mariya
    Dalarna University, School of Humanities and Media Studies, Japanese.
    Cross-cultural pragmatics: Challenges and implications of teaching Japanese politeness strategies to learners of L2 Japanese2019Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Japanese politeness discourse varies in complexity according to social distance, relative power between speakers, and social situations. Yet Swedish learners of Japanese often do not see the necessity of learning polite discourse and often view such forms negatively. Intentionally or otherwise, Swedish learners often fail to use appropriate politeness strategies in large part because Sweden is one of the most egalitarian societies in the world. However, it is important to point out to foreign language learners that cultural and social norms are not cross-culturally interchangeable and that speakers must often adapt to the language they are learning and to the culture they find themselves in.

    In this presentation, I will first offer various definitions and views of politeness in Japan, Sweden, and the US as well as other English-speaking countries as suggested by previous studies, and I will discuss the reasons why these came to be viewed as they are today. Second, Swedish learners’ attitudes toward the use of Japanese polite forms will be examined using data from surveys and error analyses. Finally, various methods for overcoming cross-cultural miscommunication caused by differences in politeness strategies will be proposed, which may be applied to learners of other languages.

  • 38.
    Aida Niendorf, Mariya
    Dalarna University, School of Language, Literatures and Learning, Japanese.
    Hibogowashakan no nihongo wo baitai to shita terekoraboreeshon ni yoru aidentitii no kouchiku 非母語話者間の日本語を媒体としたテレコラボレーションによるアイデンティティーの構築: Beikoku to suweeden no daigaku wo tsunaide米国とスウェーデンの大学を繋いで2022In: Hibogowashakan no nihongo wo baitai to shita terekoraboreeshon ni yoru aidentitii no kouchiku 非母語話者間の日本語を媒体としたテレコラボレーションによるアイデンティティーの構築: Beikoku to suweeden no daigaku wo tsunaide米国とスウェーデンの大学を繋いで / [ed] Association of Japanese Language Teachers in Europe (AJE), 2022, Vol. 25, p. 212-224Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [ja]

    近年のCALLに関する研究において、オンラインツールを外国語学習に利用することにより、「真正な」異文化環境が築けることが実証されている。過去の研究は母語話者と非母語話者間の交流を対象にしたものが主であったが、本研究では非母語話者同士の日本語を媒体としたテレコラボレーションを通して、学生のアイデンティティーがどのように構築されていくのかに焦点をあてる。

    異なったL1背景を持つ2つの日本語学習者グループの非同期記述式(ブログ)と同期口述式(オンラインディスカッション)コミュニケーション活動から得たデータをHoughton (2012)の異文化間対話モデル ( IDモデル) を枠組みとし、分析を行った。IDモデルは 以下の5段階から構成される:1) 自己分析; 2) 他者の分析; 3) 自己と他者の価値の類似性(または差異)の批判的分析; 4) 自己と他者の価値について特定の基準を参照した批判的評価; 5) アイデンティティーの構築。

    分析結果は、学生の選択する単語ひとつひとつが自身のイメージ又は他者に見られたい自分のイメージを形成すると同時に、自身のアイデンティティーへの理解を深めることに繋がっていることを示唆している。またIDモデルにおいても、1)に先立って「自己についての認識なし」という新たな段階の存在が見受けられた。更に1)の自己認識は、1-a) 単独アイデンティティーの認識、1-b) 複数のアイデンティティーの認識、の二つのサブステージを踏んで展開していくことも分かった。データによると、4)においても複数の学生がそれぞれ違った自己と他者に関する批判的評価をしていた。それは既存のアイデンティティー構築モデルが対応していない、自文化の基準と日本の文化基準の混在によるものと考えられる。つまり、異なるL1背景を持つ非母語話者同士の交流の多文化的性質はアイデンティティーの構築をより促進すると言えるだろう。また、本発表では、テレコラボレーションのマルチモーダル分析の可能性についても言及する。

  • 39.
    Aida Niendorf, Mariya
    Dalarna University, School of Language, Literatures and Learning, Japanese.
    Identity development in NNS-NNS telecollaboration using Japanese as a lingua franca and the potential of multimodal analysis of intercultural telecollaboration2022Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Recent studies of Computer-assisted language learning (CALL) demonstrate that authentic intercultural contexts can be achieved by the use of online tools so as to enhance students’ foreign language learning and identity development. While previous research on telecollaboration and identity has mainly focused on NS-NNS interactions, this study investigates various stages of identity construction through NNS-NNS telecollaborative interactions using Japanese as lingua franca. 

    The study (which was conducted together with a researcher in the U.S.) examines two sets of NNSs with different L1 backgrounds, namely NNSs of Japanese from universities in the US and Sweden. The project combines telecollaborative activities consisting of both asynchronous written (blogs) and synchronous verbal (online discussions) communication.

    The Intercultural Dialogue (ID) model (Houghton, 2012) was used to evaluate the outcome. The model consists of five stages: 1) Analysis of Self; 2) Analysis of Other; 3) Critical analysis of value similarities (or differences) between Self and Other; 4) Critical evaluation of the values of Self and Other relative to a standard; and 5) Identity development.

    Our findings indicate that through their written and oral discussions in Japanese, the students’ choice of words constructed images of the person they are or wished to be perceived as while building an understanding of their own identities. This shows that language use does not necessarily reflect who one is but is used to contribute to the construction of one’s identities. It was also observed that there exists a stage prior to the first stage in the ID-model, namely a “no-awareness” stage. Furthermore, our findings indicate that Stage 1 “Awareness of Self” occurs as two sub-stages: 1-a) Awareness of single identity; and 1-b) Awareness of having multiple identities. Our data also suggest that at one point, several students were offering different critical evaluations of Self and Other as a result of their own and the Japanese cultural standard not fitting the standard identity development model, suggesting that the multicultural nature of NNS-NNS interactions involving different L1 backgrounds can accelerate identity development.

    The potential and challenges of multimodal analysis of intercultural telecollaboration are also discussed.

  • 40.
    Aida Niendorf, Mariya
    Dalarna University, School of Languages and Media Studies, Japanese.
    Improving Intercultural Competence for the Distance Students in Sweden through Online Joint-Seminars in Japanese with University Students from the United States2014In: Next Generation Learning Conference, March 19–20 2014, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden: Book of abstracts, Falun: Högskolan Dalarna, 2014Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    There have been quite a few studies (Helm 2009, Chun 2011, Schenker 2012, Kitade 2012, etc.) regarding the development of intercultural competence through online exchanges. Most of these exchanges, however, are between native speakers and learners of that language. The benefit of such exchanges can be maximized if both parties are learning each other’s language and they both have the opportunity to utilize the languages they are learning during the exchange, but often times, this is not the case.  Byram (1997) suggests that intercultural competence can be assessed using the following components: knowledge, skills, attitudes, and critical awareness.  If ‘intercultural competence’ means not just learning about the target culture, but also about becoming aware of one’s own culture (Liaw 2006), connecting students from different countries who are studying the same target language and culture would be an ideal setting in order for the students to evaluate both their own and target cultures critically. Having learners of a target language from different countries in a virtual classroom also helps create an environment which mimics the language classroom in the target country enabling them to experience studying abroad without leaving their home countries.

    It is often said to be difficult or almost impossible for students in distance courses to develop intercultural competence because of the lack of opportunity to study abroad or the lack of an international atmosphere in the classroom (Tyberg 2009). Thus, the goal of this study is to provide opportunities for all students, regardless of their circumstances, to develop intercultural competence.  In this study, a group of intermediate/advanced level Japanese students from a university in Sweden (all distance students) and a group from a university in the U.S. were brought together in a virtual classroom using an online video conferencing system.  Through their interactions and post-seminar reflections, I examined how students develop intercultural competence.

     

    The results from this study show that through interactions with university students from other countries who study Japanese at the same level, the students can gain not only Japanese skills, but expand their horizons and deepen their understanding of another culture as well as of the topics discussed during the meetings thus satisfying each of the criteria in Byram's model. Not everyone has the opportunity to study abroad, but today's technology allows every student to be a part of the internationalization process, develop his/her cultural-literacy and reflect on his/her identity.

  • 41.
    Aida Niendorf, Mariya
    Dalarna University, School of Humanities and Media Studies, Japanese.
    Intercultural communicative competence: the challenges and implications of teaching Japanese politeness strategies to Swedish learners of Japanese2015Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Teaching communicative competence is extremely important in language instruction. One can avoid embarrassing situations and conflicts caused by misunderstandings if she/he understands the differences in intercultural pragmatics. Politeness discourse varies in complexity according to social distance, relative power between the speakers, and situations. The data I have collected during the past 6 years indicates that Swedish learners of Japanese often do not see the necessity of learning the polite/honorific discourse and often view these negatively as Swedish society is one of the most egalitarian in the world. As a consequence, Swedish students often fail to utilize appropriate politeness strategies when speaking in Japanese. However, it is important to point out to foreign language learners that cultural and social norms are not interchangeable and that one must adapt to the language one is using and the culture one is in. Thus Swedish Learners of Japanese should consider politeness discourse as a part of the rules of the language rather than something that can be modified based on one’s opinion.

    The current study investigates the differences in politeness strategies between Swedish and Japanese discourse. Student surveys and analysis of students’ errors have revealed clear differences in the use of politeness strategies in Swedish and in Japanese context. While the politeness, respect, and formality are closely intertwined in Japanese; the Swedes perceive respect and politeness as separate matters. It is also found that while the Japanese are inclined to using verbal politeness strategies, the Swedes express their respect more through non-verbal actions or behaviors. Various Japanese and Swedish utterances have also been examined to determine the Discourse Politeness Default suggested by Usami (2006) in order to systematize the politeness strategies in ways similar to grammatical rules.

                                                                                                                                                                          

                                                                          

                                                                                                                                                                          

  • 42.
    Aida Niendorf, Mariya
    Dalarna University, School of Humanities and Media Studies, Japanese.
    Issues on cross-cultural pragmatics: Swedish learners' attitudes regarding the learning of Japanese politeness strategies2016In: Abstracts, 2016Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Teaching communicative competence is considered extremely important in today’s language instruction. One can avoid embarrassing situations and conflicts caused by misunderstandings if one understands the differences in intercultural pragmatics. This study investigates the differences in politeness strategies between Swedish and Japanese discourse and how Japanese politeness strategies can be taught effectively to the Swedish learners of Japanese. Politeness discourse varies in complexity according to social distance, relative power between the speakers, and situations. It has been indicated in the course evaluations and comments from the students that Swedish learners of Japanese often do not see the necessity of learning the polite/honorific discourse and they often view these negatively as Swedish society is one of the most egalitarian in the world. As a consequence, Swedish students often fail to utilize appropriate politeness strategies when speaking in Japanese. However, it is important to point out to foreign language learners that cultural and social norms are not interchangeable and that one must adapt to the language one is using and the culture one is in. Thus Swedish Learners of Japanese should consider politeness discourse as a part of the rules of the language rather than something that can be modified based on one’s opinion. Student surveys and analysis of students’ errors I have complied during the past six years have revealed clear differences in the use of politeness strategies in Swedish and in Japanese context. While politeness, respect, and formality are closely intertwined in Japanese; the Swedes perceive respect and politeness as separate matters. It is also found that while the Japanese are inclined to use verbal politeness strategies, the Swedes express respect more through non-verbal actions or behaviors. This paper suggests ways in which learners of Japanese may overcome these differences.

  • 43.
    Aida Niendorf, Mariya
    Dalarna University, School of Language, Literatures and Learning, Japanese.
    Methodological challenges in multimodal analysis of synchronous digital intercultural communication: The case of Swedish-U.S. online exchanges using Japanese as a lingua franca2022Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    While synchronous online telecollaboration has been gaining popularity in foreign language education over the past few decades, both Multimodal Communicative Competence and Intercultural Communicative Competence have become increasingly important as a result of many educational institutions, business establishments, and governmental organizations being forced by the COVID-19 pandemic to switch their means of communication to online video conferencing systems.

    Although access to digital communication technology and tools allow more people to be part of intercultural communicative exchanges, it is suspected that a considerable amount of miscommunication is caused by mis- or non-understanding of the variety of modes used in synchronous digital communication due to differences in interlocutors’ linguistic and cultural backgrounds, which can affect verbal and prosodic elements such as speed, pitch, and intonation as well as non-verbal dimensions such as facial expressions, gaze, and gestures together with spatial aspects and the positioning of participants in the video frame.

    Existing methods of multimodal analysis of digital communication often deal with monolingual situations. Even in cases of analysis of intercultural communication, at least one of the participating parties use their native language. 

    The current study intends to fill the research gap seen in methodological issues concerning the analysis of multimodal, and (specifically) synchronous, digital intercultural communication when a non-native language is used by all participants as a lingua franca. To this end, methodological implications of multimodal analysis of synchronous digital intercultural interactions between Swedish and U.S. participants using Japanese as a lingua franca were explored, highlighting challenges that surfaced during the analysis of the data gathered for a separate study of identity development through online telecollaboration and focusing especially on the problems that may arise when a third language is used as means of communication between non-native speakers. 

  • 44.
    Aida Niendorf, Mariya
    Dalarna University, School of Humanities and Media Studies, Japanese.
    Politeness as a part of intercultural competence2015In: Japanese Language Education in Europe, ISSN 1745-7165, Vol. 20, p. 395-396Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Teaching communicative competence is extremely important in language instruction. While politeness discourse varies in complexity according to social distance, relative power between the speakers, and situations, Swedish learners of Japanese often do not see the necessity of learning the polite/honorific discourse and often view these negatively as Swedish society is one of the most egalitarian in the world. However, it is important to point out to foreign language learners that cultural/social norms are not modifiable based on one’s opinion and that one must adapt to the language one is using and the culture one is in. The current study investigates the differences in politeness strategies between Swedish and Japanese discourse. Student surveys and analysis of students’ errors have revealed clear differences in the use of politeness strategies. While politeness, respect, and formality are closely intertwined in Japanese; the Swedes perceive respect and politeness as separate matters. It is also found that while the Japanese are inclined to use verbal politeness strategies, the Swedes express their respect more through non-verbal actions/behaviors. Various Japanese and Swedish utterances have also been examined to determine the DP default (Usami 2006) in order to systematize the politeness strategies in ways similar to grammatical rules.

  • 45.
    Aida Niendorf, Mariya
    Dalarna University, School of Humanities and Media Studies, Japanese.
    Review Understanding Intercultural Communication (Second Edition) Stella Ting-Toomey and Leeva C. Chung (2012)2015In: Sociolinguistic Studies, ISSN 1750-8649, E-ISSN 1750-8657, Vol. 9, no 4, p. 507-513Article, book review (Other academic)
  • 46.
    Aida Niendorf, Mariya
    Dalarna University, School of Humanities and Media Studies, Japanese.
    The Development of Identity and Intercultural Communicative Competence in NNS-NNS Online Interaction2019Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    As demonstrated in recent studies of Computer-assisted language learning (CALL), authentic intercultural contexts can be created by using online exchanges to enhance students’ foreign language learning and identity. While research on telecollaboration and identity has mainly focused on NS-NNS interactions, this study examines NNS-NNS telecollaborative interactions.

    The study examines two sets of NNSs with different L1 backgrounds, namely NNSs of Japanese from universities in the US and Sweden. The project combines telecollaborative activities consisting of both asynchronous written (blogs) and synchronous verbal (online discussions).

    The Intercultural Dialogue (ID) model (Houghton, 2012) was used to evaluate the outcome. The model consists of five stages: 1) Analysis of Self; 2) Analysis of Other; 3) Critical analysis of value similarities (or differences) between Self and Other; 4) Critical evaluation of the values of Self and Other relative to a standard; and 5) Identity development.

    Results indicate that through their written and oral discussions, the students’ choice of words constructed images of the person they are or wished to be perceived as while building an understanding of their own identities. This shows that language use does not necessarily reflect who one is but is used to contribute to the construction of one’s identities. We also observed that there exists a stage prior to the first stage in the ID-model, namely a “no-awareness” stage. Furthermore, our findings indicate that Stage 1 “Awareness of Self” occurs as two sub-stages: 1-a) Awareness of single identity; and 1-b) Awareness of having multiple identities. Our data also suggest that at one point, several students were offering different critical evaluations of Self and Other as a result of their own and the Japanese cultural standard not fitting the standard identity development model, suggesting that the multicultural nature of NNS-NNS interactions involving different L1 backgrounds can accelerate identity development.

  • 47.
    Aida Niendorf, Mariya
    Dalarna University, School of Language, Literatures and Learning, Japanese.
    文化は教えられるのか?: 「日本文化」に関するコースの課題と取り組み2023Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Can Culture be Taught? 

    Issues and Initiatives in Teaching a Course on Japanese Culture

    While many universities offer Japanese Culture courses as part of their language programs, some of the materials and contents may promote stereotypes and essentialism. Although the definition of “culture” varies depending on field and context, students and teachers in foreign language classrooms commonly perceive culture unconsciously as national culture. Moreover, emphasizing cultural differences, a common practice in such courses, can also result in the formation of stereotypes. 

    Many students taking courses on Japanese culture are initially fascinated by the surface culture and especially pop culture, including anime, manga, video games, and music as well as food, literature, and language. It is not uncommon for such students to have already formed specific stereotypes or images of Japan from the media they consume. 

    This presentation will first introduce various ways of understanding culture. Using the course related to Japanese culture I teach at a European university as an example, various challenges and initiatives involved in discussing Japanese culture with students will be shared. Based on previous studies of teaching culture as part of foreign language instruction, my own practice as well as course evaluations by students, I will propose an optimal design for a culture course that does not promote essentialism from the following perspectives: (1) selection of teaching materials presenting various perspectives and encouraging critical thinking; (2) appropriate ordering of topics from deep- to surface-level culture; and (3) learners’ identities. Instead of defining what culture is, teachers can provide opportunities for questioning and discussing how culture is used and what people do with it while deepening students’ understanding not only of Japanese culture but also of the diverse culture that surrounds each student's daily life.

  • 48.
    Aida Niendorf, Mariya
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Languages and Media Studies, Japanese.
    Inose, Hiroko
    Dalarna University, School of Languages and Media Studies, Japanese.
    Investigating the use of the verbs ”naru” in Japanese and ”bli” in Swedish through translation2013In: Nordic Association of Japanese and Korean Studies (NAJAKS): Abstracts for 2013, 2013Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study investigates how use of the Swedish verb “bli” corresponds to the Japanese verb “naru” using translated materials as a corpus.  

     

    Japanese is said to be a situation-oriented language, while English is person-oriented.

              e.g., Mariko wa kekkon surukotoni NARImashita.

                       (It became so that Mariko will be married.)

                       ‘Mariko will get married’ in English.

     

    The Swedish verb ”bli” usually means ’to become’ or ’to be (as an auxiliary verb),’ yet is used more widely than these English meanings.

              e.g., Det blir 100 kronor, tack.

                       (100 kr ni NARI-masu.)

                       ’It makes/will be 100kr.’

     

    Examples like this lead to the observation that ”bli” is used in a context more similar to the Japanese verb ”naru.” than English verb “become.” Comparison of some translated materials also shows that “bli” is often translated into Japanese as “naru” while it is more likely to be replaced by a transitive or intransitive verb in English.

     

    However, erros such as

               *okoru ni NARU (verb ‘to be upset’+naru)

                  [okoru: a verb]

               *annshin ni NARU (noun ‘feeling at ease’ +naru)   

                  [annshin suru: a verb derived from a noun]

    which are made by Swedish learners of Japanese indicate that the translation of “bli” into Japanese is not so straight forward.

     

    In this study, we examined the following questions:

    1. How is ”bli” translated into Japanese/English?
    2. If ”bli” is translated into ”naru” in Japanese, in what grammatical context(s) does it occur?
    3. How are these variations related to the errors students make in translating ”bli” into  Japanese?

     

    In order to examine the above research questions, we conducted two separate studies:

     

    Study I: Examining how Swedish bli is translated into Japanese in literature translation

     

    Using children´s novels “Sommerboken” by Tove Jansson and “Pippi Långstrump” by Astrid Lindgren as the data source, all the sentences that contain bli were extracted along with their translations into English and Japanese. The extracted sentences were, then, categorized according to the various types of usage of the verb bli, and the translation into Japanese for each of those categories was analyzed.

     

    Study II: The translation of various uses of bli into Japanese by Swedish students

     

    Study I above showed usages of the verb bli in various context. In Study II, we tried to see if some of these usages cause more problems than the others for the Swedish students. The students in the Japanese-English translation course at Högskolan Dalarna (Sweden) were given 7 Swedish sentences containing various usages of bli, and were asked to translate them into Japanese. Then the accuracy of the translation and the translation techniques used were analyzed.

     

    The results from Study I showed that there were numerous usages of the verb bli, such as describing conditions, describing the changes of conditions, indicating certain emotional status, and so on, which naturally led to the variety in Japanese translation. Furthermore,  apart from the most literal translation, which is to use the verb naru, various types of compound verbs (main verb – help verb combinations) were used in order to express different nuances.

     

    In some of the usages identified above, translation shifts were obligatory when translated into Japanese; i.e. the literal translation was impossible, and the translator has to make minor changes from the ST (source text) to the TT (target text), such as changes of grammatical categories or of voice (e.g. passive to active).

     

    The results from the Study II show that the sentences which require more complicated translation shifts tend to cause more errors when students translate them into Japanese.

     

    Clarifying how the use of “bli” correlates with the use of “naru” will not only help Swedish students understand the use of the somewhat difficult concept of “naru,” but also help translators deal with this issue. Finding a more systematic way to translate “bli” into Japanese using more tokens from various genres would be necessary in order to achieve this.

     

  • 49.
    Aida Niendorf, Mariya
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Language, Literatures and Learning, Japanese.
    Lee, Joseph
    Dalarna University, School of Language, Literatures and Learning, English.
    Ädel, Annelie
    Dalarna University, School of Language, Literatures and Learning, English.
    Garcia-Yeste, Miguel
    Dalarna University, School of Language, Literatures and Learning, English.
    Perceptions of intercultural communication in multilingual Swedish workplaces: Findings from a pilot study2023Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Contemporary workplaces are often characterized by diversity, involving participants from multiple linguistic and cultural traditions (e.g., Angouri, 2014). In such settings, participants draw on their rich cultural assumptions and values to co-construct meaning (e.g., Takamiya & Aida Niendorf, 2019), as language use and communication patterns have been found to be inextricably linked to different group belongings. While diversity enriches workplace interaction linguistically and culturally, it also presents “communicative challenges to many employers and co-workers” (Holmes, 2018, p. 335). These communicative challenges include increased likelihood of miscommunication, social exclusion (Lønsmann, 2014), and limited interpersonal communication (Tange & Lauring, 2009). While considerable research has been devoted to understanding intercultural workplaces communication, little research exists on the linguistically and culturally diverse Swedish workplace. To gain greater insights into how diversity may enrich workplace interaction and the communicative challenges employees may experience, this pilot study explores employees’ attitudes to and beliefs about intercultural communication in the Swedish workplace. The pilot study is part of a larger project on digital professional communication in multilingual workplaces in Sweden. Five employees in managerial positions in Swedish higher education and corporations were interviewed. We adopt a critical intercultural communication approach, seeing “culture” as a dynamic concept, which employees may attribute to self and others, and (dis-)align with in different ways. Findings show that: (a) language competence in English is seen as indexing general competence; (b) categorisations of cultures are prevalent: Participants often view culture as synonymous with nation and point at differences between groups as a challenge to achieve effective communication; (c) identity and face are foregrounded: Some participants feel like a different person when using a different language, while others see a specific language as a way to adopt a different persona or professional role; and (d) culture and language are used to explain group dynamics (e.g., feeling as an outsider or as part of the group), and as tools to actively integrate or exclude others. The material has raised our awareness about not seeing the workplace as a monolith, but workplaces may be marked by internal variation when it comes to intercultural communication. 

    References   Angouri, J. (2014). Multilingualism in the workplace: Language practices in multicultural contexts. Multilingua 33, 1-9.     

    Holmes, J. (2018). Intercultural communication in the workplace. In B. Vine (Ed.), The Routledge handbook of language in the workplace (pp. 335-347). Routledge.    

    Lønsmann, D. (2014). Linguistic diversity in the international workplace: Language ideologies and processes of exclusion. Multilingua 33, 89–116.    

    Takamiya, Y. & Aida Niendorf, M. (2019). Identity (re)construction and improvement in intercultural competence through synchronous and asynchronous telecollaboration: Connecting Japanese language learners in the United States and Sweden. In Zimmerman, E. & McMeekin, A. (Eds.), Technology-supported learning in and out of the Japanese language classroom: Theoretical, empirical, and pedagogical developments (pp. 111-145). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.    

    Tange, H., & Lauring, J. (2009). Language management and social interaction within the multilingual workplace. Journal of Communication Management 13(3), 218–232.     

  • 50.
    Aida Niendorf, Mariya
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Humanities and Media Studies, Japanese.
    Takamiya, Yumi
    University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.
    Beikoku to sueeden no nihongo gakushusha wo tsunaida jissen: aidentiti wo teemanishita torikumi2016In: : , 2016Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [ja]

    言語教育におけるソーシャルネットワーキングアプローチ(以下 SNA)では、「他者の発見、自己の発見、つながりの実現」を理念に、従来の「わかる」「できる」能力に加え、新たに「つながる」能力を 重要視する(當作 2013)。SNAに基づいてことばと文化を学ぶことで、学習者の人間的成長が促され、社会力も獲得される。  本発表では、上記の教育理念を念頭に、異なる文化圏で学ぶ日本語学習者をオンラインでつないだ取り組みについて紹介する。実践には米国とスウェーデンの大学で中上級レベルの日本語を学ぶ学習者10名が参加した。1学期間、アイデンティティをテーマに授業を行い、非同期型ツールであるブログ、同期型ツールであるビデオ会議システムを利用して双方を継続的につないだ。  アンケート、インタビュー、観察データを分析した結果、学習者はこのようなオンラインでの交流により、言語面だけでなく、自己・他者のアイデンティティや文化について肯定的な視点を持つようになるという変化が見られた。これは自己・他者の新たな発見といえる。また、参加者は、日本に興味があるという共通点があるため、様々なトピックについて積極的に探求し、互いに教え学びあう関係を築くことが容易にできた。さらに「つながり」が形成されていくに従い、日本だけでなく米国やスウェーデンについてもより知りたいと考えるようになり、好奇心の幅が広がった。これはつながりの理想的な実現であるといえよう。  通常、海外の日本語学習者は、日本の英語学習者と交流するケースが多いが、この場合、母語話者に教えてもらうという一方向的な形のコミュニケーションをとりやすい。一方、異なる場所で学ぶ日本語学習者同士の交流の場合、対等な形でのコミュニケーションがとれ、場所によって日本の捉え方も違うことに気づくことで、多元的な視点で日本を捉え直すきっかけにもなる。これは学習者の言語・文化面、精神面での成長にとって大きな意義がある。発表では、学習者、教師だけでなく、教室内外の多くの人たちをつなぐことを可能にするオンラインツールについて紹介し、その効果的な使い方や交流を成功させるための具体的な提案も行う。

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