The paper presents a case study conducted at the Swedish Road Administration (the SRA) focussing on the RDS-TMC service, a type of e-service. The implementation of the RDS-TMC service is based on two conceptual standards: the ALERT-C and Location Code standards. The main purpose of the case study has been to understand the functionality (role) of these standards by investigating how the SRA has implemented and used the standards behind the RDS-TMC service in order to provide the service.
Syftet var att beskriva och jämföra hur vi arbetar med blended learning/flipped classroom (FC) i fyra olika kurser (campus och/eller distans) vid Högskolan Dalarna, där målet var att få syn på den egna praktiken, dela erfarenheter och inspirera varandra. Inventering av och diskussioner om hur vi arbetar med blended learning/FC och varför. De tre kurserna Forskningsmetodikkurs i informatik (campus), kurs i informatik om webbsidor (campus) och Datateknikkurs i programmering (distans) ges i princip enligt "klassiskt" FC, dvs. med inspelad föreläsning följt av diskussion vid efterföljande seminarium/motsvarande (med viss variation). I den fjärde kursen, naturvetenskap i lärarutbildningen (campus/distans), blandas inspelade och streamade föreläsningar, och laborationer och seminarier genomförs både på campus och distans (gäller både campus- och distanskurser). Vi arbetar både på liknande sätt men även olika beroende av "ämneskultur", ämnenas olika karaktär och olika kursers karaktär, men vi har ungefär samma mål: att försöka få bättre förberedda och mer aktiva studenter, dvs. försöka att gynna djupinlärning. Men möjligheterna till mer genomgripande förändringar i arbetssätt beror också av hur "öppen" ämneskulturen är för detta. En gemensam slutsats är att det är viktigt att fundera över hur man kan använda tekniken i pedagogikens tjänst för att möjliggöra/iscensätta FC. Vi upplever allihop att FC är en möjlighet att göra något på ett nytt och förhoppningsvis bättre sätt. Vi är också överens om betydelsen av att få igång studenterna och att få dem att samarbeta - kruxet är hur man kan åstadkomma detta. Nya arbetssätt ska inte medföra att studenterna sitter och tittar på när vi arbetar, om än vi gör det på ett annat sätt än vid t.ex. traditionella föreläsningar, för då är vi tillbaka i den "envägskommunikation" man vill komma bort från FC. Vi har också fått upp ögonen för att olika ämnen/kurser har olika förutsättningar/utmaningar vilket lett till att vi använder delvis olika strategier och metoder. En skillnad gentemot litteraturens beskrivningar av FC är att vi alla även använder detta i våra distanskurser, vilket ger ytterligare en dimension vad gäller utmaningar, både pedagogiskt och tekniskt, jämfört med att "flippa" på campus. Det har varit inspirerande och utvecklande att ventilera hur vi resonerar om och genomför våra olika versioner av FC, och samtalen har även medfört att vi haft möjlighet att reflektera över den egna praktiken och att spegla den i de andras praktiker, vilket både inspirerat och gett praktiska tips.
With the rapid advancement of the webtechnology, more and more educationalresources, including software applications forteaching/learning methods, are available acrossthe web, which enables learners to access thelearning materials and use various ways oflearning at any time and any place. Moreover,various web-based teaching/learning approacheshave been developed during the last decade toenhance the capability of both educators andlearners. Particularly, researchers from bothcomputer science and education are workingtogether, collaboratively focusing ondevelopment of pedagogically enablingtechnologies which are believed to improve theinfrastructure of education systems andprocesses, including curriculum developmentmodels, teaching/learning methods, managementof educational resources, systematic organizationof communication and dissemination ofknowledge and skills required by and adapted tousers. Despite of its fast development, however,there are still great gaps between learningintentions, organization of supporting resources,management of educational structures,knowledge points to be learned and interknowledgepoint relationships such as prerequisites,assessment of learning outcomes, andtechnical and pedagogic approaches. Moreconcretely, the issues have been widelyaddressed in literature include a) availability andusefulness of resources, b) smooth integration ofvarious resources and their presentation, c)learners’ requirements and supposed learningoutcomes, d) automation of learning process interms of its schedule and interaction, and e)customization of the resources and agilemanagement of the learning services for deliveryas well as necessary human interferences.Considering these problems and bearing in mindthe advanced web technology of which weshould make full use, in this report we willaddress the following two aspects of systematicarchitecture of learning/teaching systems: 1)learning objects – a semantic description andorganization of learning resources using the webservice models and methods, and 2) learningservices discovery and learning goals match foreducational coordination and learning serviceplanning.
With the rapid advancement of the web technology, more and more educational resources, including software applications for teaching/learning methods, are available across the web, which enables learners to access the learning materials and use various ways of learning at any time and any place. Researchers from both computer science and education are working together, collaboratively focusing on development of pedagogically enabling technologies which are believed to improve the infrastructure of education systems and processes, including curriculum development models, teaching/learning methods, management of educational resources, systematic organization of communication and dissemination of knowledge and skills required by and adapted to users. In this paper we address the following two aspects of systematic integration architecture of educational systems: 1) learning objects – a semantic description and organization of learning resources using the web service models and methods, and 2) learning services discovery and learning goals match for educational coordination and learning service planning.
Recommendation systems aim to help users make decisions more efficiently. The most widely used method in recommendation systems is collaborative filtering, of which, a critical step is to analyze a user's preferences and make recommendations of products or services based on similarity analysis with other users' ratings. However, collaborative filtering is less usable for recommendation facing the "cold start" problem, i.e. few comments being given to products or services. To tackle this problem, we propose an improved method that combines collaborative filtering and data classification. We use hotel recommendation data to test the proposed method. The accuracy of the recommendation is determined by the rankings. Evaluations regarding the accuracies of Top-3 and Top-10 recommendation lists using the 10-fold cross-validation method and ROC curves are conducted. The results show that the Top-3 hotel recommendation list proposed by the combined method has the superiority of the recommendation performance than the Top-10 list under the cold start condition in most of the times.
The most widely used method in recommendation systems is collaborative filtering, of which, a critical step is to analyze a user's preferences and make recommendations of products or services based on similarity analysis with other users' ratings. However, collaborative filtering is less usable for recommendation facing the 'cold start' problem, i.e. few comments being given to products or services. To tackle this problem, we propose an improved method that combines collaborative filtering and data classification. We use hotel recommendation data to test the proposed method. The accuracy of the recommendation is determined by the rankings. Evaluations regarding the accuracies of Top-3 and Top-10 recommendation lists using the 10-fold cross-validation method and ROC curves are conducted. The results show that the Top-3 hotel recommendation list proposed by the combined method has the superiority of the recommendation performance than the Top-10 list under the cold start condition in most of the times.
The inherent weakness of the data on user ratings collected from the web, such as sparsity and cold-start, has limited the data analysis capability and prediction accuracy. To alleviate this problem, trust is incorporated in the CF approaches with encouraging experimental results. In this paper, we propose a computational model for trust-based CF with a method to generate and propagate trust in a social network. We apply this method to measure trusts on users’ ratings of hotels and show its feasibility by comparing the testing results with the traditional CF methods, e.g. Mean Absolute Error.