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  • 1. Abellan, A.
    et al.
    Perez, J.
    Pujol, R.
    Sundstrom, G.
    Jegermalm, Magnus
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Social Work.
    Malmberg, B.
    Partner care, gender equality, and ageing in Spain and Sweden2017In: International Journal of Ageing and Later Life, E-ISSN 1652-8670, Vol. 11, no 1, p. 69-89Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We used national surveys to study how older persons’ changing household patterns influence the gender balance of caregiving in two countries with distinct household structures and cultures, Spain and Sweden. In both countries, men and women provide care equally often for their partner in couple-only households. This has become the most common household type among older persons in Spain and prevails altogether in Sweden. This challenges the traditional dominance of young or middle-aged women as primary caregivers in Spain. In Sweden, many caregivers are old themselves. We focus attention to partners as caregivers and the consequences of changing household structures for caregiving, which may be on the way to gender equality in both countries, with implications for families and for the public services.

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  • 2.
    Anme, Tokie
    et al.
    University of Tsukuba, Tokyo, Japan.
    Henning, Cecilia
    Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Avd. för beteendevetenskap och socialt arbete.
    Jegermalm, Magnus
    Ersta Sköndal högskola.
    Lowenstein, Ariela
    Haifa University, Israel.
    McCall, Mary
    St mary's College, San Fransisco, USA.
    Scharlach, Andrew
    University of California Berkeley, San Fransisco, USA.
    Supposting Elders in various Cultural Contexts: The Role of Governments, markets and Civil Society in israel, japan, Sweden and the United States2009Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 3.
    Hansson, Jan-Håkan
    et al.
    Ersta Sköndal högskola, Institutionen för socialt arbete.
    Jegermalm, Magnus
    Ersta Sköndal högskola, Enheten för forskning om det civila samhället.
    Whitaker, Anna
    Ersta Sköndal högskola, Enheten för forskning om det civila samhället.
    Att ge och ta emot hjälp: anhöriginsatser för äldre och anhörigstöd - en kunskapsöversikt2000Report (Other academic)
  • 4.
    Jegermalm, Magnus
    Ersta Sköndal högskola, Enheten för forskning om det civila samhället.
    Anhörigstöd: en uppföljningsstudie av kommuners och frivilliga organisationers stöd till äldres anhöriga2002Report (Other academic)
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  • 5.
    Jegermalm, Magnus
    Ersta Sköndal högskola, Enheten för forskning om det civila samhället.
    Carers in the welfare state: on informal care and support for carers in Sweden2005Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

     

    The general aim of this dissertation is to describe and analyse patterns of informal care and support for carers in Sweden. One specific aim is to study patterns of informal care from a broad population perspective in terms of types of care and types of carer. A typology of four different care categories based on what carers do revealed that women were much more likely than men to be involved at the ‘heavy end’ of caring, i.e. providing personal care in combination with a variety of other caring tasks. Men were more likely than women to provide some kind of practical help (Study I).

    Another aim is to investigate which support services are received by which types of informal caregiver. Relatively few informal caregivers in any care category were found to be receiving any kind of support from municipalities or voluntary organizations, for example training or financial assistance (Study II).

    The same study also examines which kinds of help care recipients receive in addition to that provided by informal carers. It appears that people in receipt of personal care from an informal caregiver quite often also receive help from the public care system, in this case mostly municipal services. However, the majority of those receiving personal, informal care did not receive any help from the public care system or from voluntary organizations or for-profit agencies (Study II).

    The empirical material in studies I and II comprises survey data from telephone interviews with a random sample of residents in the County of Stockholm aged between 18 and 84.

    In a number of countries there is a growing interest among social scientists and social policymakers in examining the types of support services that might be needed by people who provide informal care for older people and others. A further aim of the present dissertation is therefore to describe and analyse the carer support that is provided by municipalities and voluntary organizations in Sweden. The dissertation examines whether this support is aimed directly or indirectly at caregivers and discusses whether the Swedish government’s special financial investment in help for carers actually led to any changes in the support provided by municipalities and voluntary organisations. The main types of carer support offered by the municipalities were payment for care-giving, relief services and day care. The chief forms of carer support provided by the voluntary organizations were support groups, training groups, and a number of services aimed primarily at the elderly care recipients (Study III).

    Patterns of change in municipal carer support could be discerned fairly soon. The Swedish government’s special allocation to municipalities and voluntary organisations appears to have led to an increase in the number of municipalities providing direct support for carers, such as training, information material and professional caregiver consultants. On the other hand, only minor changes could be discerned in the pattern of carer support services provided by the voluntary organizations. This demonstrates stability and the relatively low impact that policy initiatives seem to have on voluntary organizations as providers (Study IV).

    In studies III and IV the empirical material consists of survey data from mail questionnaires sent to municipalities and voluntary organizations in the County of Stockholm.

    In the fields of social planning and social work there appears to be a need to clarify the aims of support services for informal carers. Should the support be direct or indirect? Should it be used to supplement or substitute caregivers? In this process of reappraisal it will be important to take the needs of both caregivers and care recipients into account when developing existing and new forms of support. How informal caregivers and care recipients interact with the care system as a whole is undeniably a fertile field for further research.

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  • 6.
    Jegermalm, Magnus
    Ersta Sköndal högskola, Enheten för forskning om det civila samhället.
    Direct and Indirect Support for Carers: patterns of Support for Informal Caregivers to Elderly People in Sweden2002In: Journal of gerontological social work, ISSN 0163-4372, E-ISSN 1540-4048, Vol. 38, no 4, p. 67-84Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study examines what support services are offered to informal caregivers and whether the support is aimed directly or indirectly at the caters. Data were collected by means of two mail questionnaires in a Swedish county. The first questionnaire was aimed at each municipality in the region. The second questionnaire was sent to a random sample of 284 voluntary organizations in the region. Only the municipalities proved to have relief services, day care centers and two forms of payment for carers. The voluntary organizations' support for carers was focused on support groups and training as well as services for elderly care recipients. The results indicated that the support services for carers were both direct and indirect and that the municipalities and the voluntary organizations largely offer different kinds of support.

  • 7.
    Jegermalm, Magnus
    Ersta Sköndal högskola, Enheten för forskning om det civila samhället.
    Informal care and support for carers in Sweden: patterns of service receipt among informal caregivers and care recipients2004In: European Journal of Social Work, ISSN 1369-1457, E-ISSN 1468-2664, Vol. 7, no 1, p. 7-24Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study describes and analyses the kinds of support received by different categories of informal carers, and the kinds of help that care recipients receive in addition to that provided by various categories of carers. Data were collected in a Swedish county in 2000, by means of telephone interviews. The net sample consisted of 2,697 individuals 18-84 years old, and the response rate was 61%. The results showed that relatively few carers in any care category received any kind of support aimed directly at them as carers. The most widespread form of support received by providers of personal care was relief services. Those most likely to be receiving care from the public care system were people also receiving personal care from an informal caregiver. Nevertheless, the majority of those receiving personal care from an informal carer did not receive any help from the public care system or from voluntary organizations or for-profit agencies. These results indicate that social policy and social work need to clarify the aims of the services they provide. They also need to take the needs of both caregivers and recipients into account when discussing support systems.

  • 8.
    Jegermalm, Magnus
    Ersta Sköndal högskola, Enheten för forskning om det civila samhället.
    Informal Care and Support for Carers: The Case of Sweden2008Book (Other academic)
  • 9.
    Jegermalm, Magnus
    Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete - Socialhögskolan.
    Informal Care in Sweden: a Typology of Care and Caregivers2006In: International Journal of Social Welfare, ISSN 1369-6866, E-ISSN 1468-2397, Vol. 15, no 4, p. 332-343Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study describes and analyses the types of informal care provided in Sweden and whether it is possible to distinguish different types of carers. Data were collected in a Swedish county in 2000, by means of telephone interviews. The net sample consisted of 2,697 individuals 18–84 years old, and the response rate was 61 per cent. The results showed that there were large differences in the numbers of male and female carers when the data were divided into a typology of care categories based on different caring tasks. Women were much more likely than men to be involved at the ‘heavy end’ of caring, i.e. providing personal care in combination with a variety of other caring tasks. Men were more likely to provide some kind of practical help for a mother or a neighbour/friend. Even though the Swedish welfare state has been described as universal and characterised by an extensive system of benefits and services intended to cover the entire population, the results here indicate that informal care plays an important role and that the gender role patterns are similar to those observed in other types of welfare state. When discussing support systems it is important for social policy to develop programmes that take into account the support needs of both caregivers and care recipients, and not to see their needs in isolation from the social care system as a whole

  • 10.
    Jegermalm, Magnus
    Ersta Sköndal högskola, Enheten för forskning om det civila samhället.
    Kommuners och frivilliga organisationers stöd till äldres anhöriga och samverkan kring anhörigstöd2002In: Anhöriga och anhörigstöd i Stockholms län: sammanfattning av ett forskningsprojekt / [ed] Eva Jeppsson Grassman, Stockholm: Sköndalsinstitutet , 2002, p. 51-58Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 11.
    Jegermalm, Magnus
    Ersta Sköndal högskola, Enheten för forskning om det civila samhället.
    Stöd till äldres anhöriga: socialpolitik och praktik2003In: Anhörigskapets uttrycksformer / [ed] Eva Jeppsson Grassman, Lund: Studentlitteratur , 2003, p. 157-184Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 12.
    Jegermalm, Magnus
    Ersta Sköndal högskola, Enheten för forskning om det civila samhället.
    Support for Carers of Older People: the Roles of the Public and Voluntary Sectors in Sweden2003In: Social Policy & Administration, ISSN 0144-5596, E-ISSN 1467-9515, Vol. 37, no 7, p. 756-771Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study examines the support services offered to informal caregivers, whether directly or indirectly, in Sweden over the period of a special investment initiative between 1999 and 2001. Data were collected in a Swedish county using two separate mail questionnaires in 1999 and 2001. The first questionnaire was addressed to each municipality in the region. The second questionnaire was sent to a random sample of voluntary organizations in the area. The findings showed that only the municipalities provided direct forms of relief service, day care and financial support. The voluntary organizations’ support for carers focused on support groups and training as well as services for older care users themselves. There was a significant increase between 1999 and 2001 in the number of municipalities providing information material and training for carers and using professional caregiver consultants. On the one hand, the Swedish public social care system appears to be following the international pattern in paying more attention to informal caregivers and investing in support services for them. On the other hand the findings did not show any growth in support provided by the voluntary organizations. Here Swedish welfare is dissimilar to other European countries, where it is increasingly common for voluntary organizations to play an important role as providers of support for carers.

  • 13.
    Jegermalm, Magnus
    Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi.
    The Importance of Unpaid Caregiving Activities: Lessons from Sweden in an International Perspective2012Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 14.
    Jegermalm, Magnus
    et al.
    Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi.
    Henning, Cecilia
    Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Avd. för beteendevetenskap och socialt arbete.
    The role of civil society in health and social services: the Swedish case2012In: Ageing Connects: book of abstracts, 2012Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Sweden is often characterized as a role model for a country with high levels of taxation and asocial policy system of universal welfare schemes with the goal of helping people across the lifespan to maintain independence and integration into the community. An overall aim is that all older people should have equal access of care and services despite age, sex, ethnicity, or financial situation. It has been assumed that civil society is weak in the Swedish kind o strong welfare system . Research, however, has shown that Sweden has scored relatively highly when it comes to civil society vitality in the form of volunteering in organizations and informal help and care-giving 1992-2009. Sweden gives an example of a country where there does not seem to be any simple contradiction between having a vital civil society and a welfare state including a substantial public sector. Demographic changes of an increasingly aging population will, nevertheless, lead to challenges for the formal care system to further support and promote the continuation of volunteering as well as informal care-giving.

  • 15.
    Jegermalm, Magnus
    et al.
    Ersta Sköndal Högskola, Enheten för forskning om det civila samhället.
    Jeppsson Grassman, Eva
    Linköpings universitet, NISAL - Nationella institutet för forskning om äldre och åldrande.
    Caregiving and volunteering among older people in Sweden - prevalences and profiles2009In: Journal of Aging & Social Policy, ISSN 0895-9420, E-ISSN 1545-0821, Vol. 21, no 4, p. 352-373Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study examines the role of older people in Swedish society by exploring the prevalence of their informal caregiving and volunteering and by analyzing the profiles of these contributors of unpaid work. Data were collected by means of telephone interviews in a Swedish representative survey conducted in 2005. Our analysis reveals three distinct profiles of people involved in unpaid activities. One of these consists of those involved both in informal helpgiving and volunteering, a group that has been labeled “super helpers” or “doers” in earlier research. It is important for social policy planners to recognize these groups of older people and better understand the dynamics of their unpaid work in order to ascertain whether they might need support as providers and to enhance their well-being. There does not seem to be any simple contradiction between the parallel existence of a universal welfare model of the Swedish kind and an extensive civil society in which older people play important roles as active citizens.

  • 16.
    Jegermalm, Magnus
    et al.
    Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi.
    Jeppsson Grassman, Eva
    Civic participation among old-old people in Sweden at a time of change2012Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 17.
    Jegermalm, Magnus
    et al.
    Ersta Sköndal University College.
    Jeppsson Grassman, Eva
    National Institute for the Study of Ageing and Later Life, Linköping University.
    Helpful citizens and caring families: Patterns of informal help and caregiving in Sweden in a 17-year perspective2012In: International Journal of Social Welfare, ISSN 1369-6866, E-ISSN 1468-2397, Vol. 21, no 4, p. 422-432Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article reports on an analysis of informal help and caregiving in Sweden with, for the first time, a focus on patterns of change over 17 years regarding scope, type of caregivers and the recipients of help. The discussion is based on results from a national survey repeated four times between 1992 and 2009. In the 1990s, the figures were stable, but from the late 1990s to 2009, there seems to have been a dramatic increase in the extent of informal help giving. Concerning types of helpers, the patterns implied involvement not only from family members, but also from other types of helpers. Two interpretative perspectives were used in the analysis: the first from recent welfare state changes and the substitution argument; the second from the present debate on civil society and its possible and changing role. These perspectives represent two partly complementary approaches to the understanding of the dynamics of informal involvement in contemporary Swedish society.

  • 18.
    Jegermalm, Magnus
    et al.
    Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi.
    Jeppsson Grassman, Eva
    National Institute for the Study of Ageing and Later Life (NISAL), Linköping University, Sweden.
    Links between informal caregiving and volunteering in Sweden: a 17-year perspective2013In: European Journal of Social Work, ISSN 1369-1457, E-ISSN 1468-2664, Vol. 16, no 2, p. 205-219Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article analyses informal caregiving and volunteering in organizations over 17 years in Sweden, with a focus on links between these two forms of unpaid activities. The discussion is based on results from a national survey that was repeated four times in the period 1992–2009. Links were found between the different types of activities. In all four studies a substantial group of the population was involved both in informal caregiving and volunteering. This group of ‘active citizens’ are commonly also engaged in informal social networks. This ‘double active’ group had increased over time and they provide a substantial amount of hours of involvement. Patterns outlined in this article demonstrate that unpaid activities represent a multifaceted phenomenon, and that the boundaries between informal caregiving and volunteering as forms of engagement may be more fluid than has previously been acknowledged. The results challenge the literature in which informal caregiving is viewed as a major obstacle to volunteering. At the same time, however, informal caregiving in general was found to be increasing. There might be reasons to be cautious about the possible risk that too much pressure on citizens for informal caregiving might jeopardize the type of double involvement that is outlined in this article.

  • 19.
    Jegermalm, Magnus
    et al.
    Ersta Sköndal högskola, Enheten för forskning om det civila samhället.
    Jeppsson Grassman, Eva
    Patterns of Informal Help and Caregiving in Sweden: a Thirteen-Year Perspective2009In: Social Policy & Administration, ISSN 0144-5596, E-ISSN 1467-9515, Vol. 43, no 7, p. 681-701Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article analyses informal help and caregiving in Sweden with a focus on the scope and trends of change over time. The discussion is based on the results of three national surveys and of one survey conducted in the county of Stockholm. The results indicated that informal help and caregiving was common throughout the period under study. In the 1990s, the figures were fairly stable, while from the late 1990s to 2005 there seems to have been a dramatic increase in the prevalence of such support. Two interpretative perspectives are used to discuss this pattern. One locates its point of departure in recent welfare state changes and in the substitution argument, according to which cuts in welfare services put more pressure on people to provide informal help and care. The second perspective relates to the present debate on civil society and to its possible role in contemporary society. According to the civil society perspective, an increase in the prevalence of informal help and caregiving might be interpreted as an expression of growing civic involvement ‘in its own right’, without a straightforward and simple relationship to changes in the welfare state. It is argued in the article that the two frames of interpretation should not be viewed as mutually exclusive, but rather that they represent two partly complementary approaches to the understanding of the complex dynamics of unpaid work in contemporary Swedish society.

  • 20.
    Jegermalm, Magnus
    et al.
    Ersta Sköndal högskola, Enheten för forskning om det civila samhället.
    Jeppsson Grassman, Eva
    Linköpings universitet, NISAL - Nationella institutet för forskning om äldre och åldrande.
    Äldre som "civilsamhällets stöttepelare": roller och profiler2011In: Tredje åldern: sociala aspekter och medborgarskap / [ed] Kerstin Gynnerstedt , Maria Wolmesjö, Lund: Gleerups Utbildning , 2011Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Tredje åldern beskrivs som den period under senare delen av livet då man är fri från arbetslivets krav och skyldigheter men ännu inte i behov av sociala rättigheter i form av vård och omsorgsinsatser. Under de senaste åren har begreppet tredje åldern kommit att användas allt oftare även inom det sociala arbetet, både nationellt och internationellt. I den här boken problematiseras begreppet tredje åldern med utgångspunkt från aktuell forskning ur en rad olika samhälleliga och sociala perspektiv. Det centrala temat i boken hämtas från livsloppsperspektivet och teorier om socialt medborgarskap. Här diskuterar författarna frågor som: Vilken roll har gruppen "tredje åldrare" i samhället? Vad innebär tredje åldern för det professionella och frivilliga sociala arbetet? Är fri tid enbart en medborgerlig rättighet, eller finns det också samhälleliga skyldigheter under den "fria" tiden? Tredje åldern - Sociala aspekter och medborgarskap riktar sig främst till studerande på universitets- och högskoleutbildningar på grund-, och avancerad nivå inom socialt arbete, social omsorg, vård-, samhälls- och beteendevetenskap. Den vänder sig också till yrkesverksamma inom fältet och andra som är intresserade av det sociala arbetets utmaningar inom äldreomsorgen. Bokens författare är aktiva forskare inom det Nationella Nätverket för Socialvetenskaplig Äldreforskning. Redaktörer för boken är Kerstin Gynnerstedt och Maria Wolmesjö.

  • 21.
    Jegermalm, Magnus
    et al.
    Ersta Sköndal högskola, Enheten för forskning om det civila samhället.
    Jeppsson Grassman, Eva
    Äldres engagemang i civilsamhället: roller och profiler2011In: Tredje åldern: sociala aspekter och medborgarskap / [ed] Kerstin Gynnerstedt & Maria Wolmesjö, Malmö: Gleerups utbildning , 2011, p. 81-96Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 22.
    Jegermalm, Magnus
    et al.
    Ersta Sköndal Högskola.
    Jeppsson-Grassman, Eva
    Linköpings universitet, NISAL - Nationella institutet för forskning om äldre och åldrande.
    Omsorgens gestaltningar i civilsamhället2012In: Åldrande och omsorgens gestaltningar: mot nya perspektiv / [ed] Eva Jeppsson Grassman, Anna Whitaker, Lund: Studentlitteratur , 2012, 1, p. 31-55Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    I vår tids diskussion om välfärd är omsorgsbegreppet centralt. Men vad är omsorg och på vilket sätt kommer den till uttryck i sammanhang som gäller äldre och åldrande? Det är några av de frågeställningar som diskuteras i den här antologin.I äldre­omsorgsforskning har man hittills som regel tagit offentlig äldreomsorg som en självklar utgångspunkt. Här vidgas istället perspektivet och flera andra av omsorgsbegreppets olika dimensioner, gestaltningar och sammanhang inkluderas och diskuteras - sådana som har betydelse i vår tid men som ofta har förbisetts i forskningen.

    Det innebär också att antologin fokuserar på åldrande och omsorg i vid bemärkelse och inte bara på kommunal äldreomsorg. Med utgångspunkt i begrepp som tid, plats och aktörer och samspelet mellan dessa lyfter vi fram flera olika sammanhang för omsorg: Det är fråga om civilsamhället som plats och utförare av omsorg, liksom omsorg som berör migration och etniska relationer. Vi diskuterar också den fysiska miljön, boendet och platsens betydelse för omsorgens utformning och innebörder.

    Slutligen belyser vi livets sista tid och omsorgens olika existentiella dimensioner under detta skede.Åldrande och omsorgens gestaltningar - mot nya perspektiv riktar sig främst till högskolestuderande inom samhälls- och beteende­vetenskap, socialt arbete, social omsorg och vård, liksom till yrkesverksamma inom fältet. Den kan också vara värdefull för en intresserad allmänhet.

  • 23.
    Jegermalm, Magnus
    et al.
    Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi.
    Malmberg, Bo
    Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi.
    Sundström, Gerdt
    Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi.
    Anhöriga äldre angår alla!2014Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Anhörigomsorg är del av en komplex väv med olika nivåer, individuella, familjemässiga och övergripande samhälleliga, där åtminstone de senare har begränsade resurser. Denna rapport presenterar och diskuterar kunskapsläget inom svensk och internationell forskning om anhöriga till äldre. Vi sätter den svenska anhörigomsorgen i ett större sammanhang genom resonemang om demografiska förutsättningar, historiska tillbakablickar och internationella utblickar. Nutid belyses med aktuella undersökningar och vi tror att framtiden kan klaras tack vare den allt större överlappning vi redan ser mellan många olika former av hjälp, service, omsorg och vård. Vi ställer frågan om dessa mönster kanske förbises i de ofta dystra, rent demografisk-ekonomiska framskrivningarna. Rapporten redovisar många svenska undersökningar av anhörigomsorg, både i befolkningen i stort och bland äldre. Det förefaller klart att det skett en faktisk ökning av anhörigomsorgens omfattning från 1990-talet och början av 2000- talet, något som flera studier visar. Resultat från en europeisk undersökning med gemensamma frågor och svarsalternativ tyder på att anhörigomsorg är vanligare i Nordeuropa än i Sydeuropa vilket nog strider mot gängse föreställningar. Kanske är det i Norden vanligare att vara hjälpgivare men inte med lika omfattande engagemang eller lika länge och man bor sällan tillsammans. Då fördelas nog omsorgen på fler händer. I Sverige angav mindre än 1 procent att de gav omsorg på heltid, i Spanien 5 procent. Sammantaget har, i Sverige liksom i övriga Europa, mer än 4 av 10 i befolkningen en aktuell eller tidigare personlig erfarenhet av att ge omsorg, och på befolkningsnivå är anhörigomsorgen klart större än den offentliga. De flesta svenska studier visar att det är ungefär lika vanligt bland kvinnor och män att vara givare av anhörigomsorg. Kvinnor ger dock oftare personlig omvårdnad och de ger fler timmar omsorg än männen. De flesta omsorgsgivare ger ganska få hjälptimmar, men timinsatserna ökar med stigande ålder och är högst bland de äldsta. I genomsnitt ger omkring 30 procent av omsorgsgivarna daglig hjälp, men den andelen stiger till nästan 40 procent för anhörigvårdare i 65–80 årsåldern och till 80 procent för dem som är ännu äldre. Äldre utgör således 30 procent av alla som ger omsorg, oftast till andra äldre, men utför ungefär 4 av 10 omsorgstimmar. Äldre personer är inte bara mottagare av omsorg utan minst lika ofta också givare. De flesta givare av anhörigomsorg ger ”lättare” former av insatser (skjutsning, passning, tillsyn etc.), insatser som många gånger säkerligen är viktiga och kan vara avgörande för mottagaren. Det är viktigt att se det stora spektret av anhörigomsorg och att det också finns grupper av anhöriga (ofta äldre personer) som gör omfattande insatser som kan påverka såväl egen hälsa som arbetsliv. Vid små hjälpbehov – fallet för de flesta – får man lite hjälp främst av anhöriga, vid större behov mer hjälp och då av både anhöriga och av kommunen. Delat ansvar är vanligt och även vad omsorgsgivare och mottagare önskar. Få önskar bära ansvaret ensamma och få önskar att ansvaret helt ligger på det offentliga. Historiskt utgör barn och andra anhöriga en viss trygghet på ålderdomen, något som inte tillhör det förflutna, utan snarare kommer att få större betydelse framöver. Anledningen är demografisk: allt fler har nära anhöriga i form av en egen familj. Familjens relativa betydelse har ökat, inte minskat som man ibland föreställer sig. Detta accentueras av att den offentliga omsorgen visserligen är väl utbyggd i Sverige, men tycks ha nått gränsen för vad den kan uträtta, praktiskt och finansiellt. Anhörigomsorgen har även socialpolitiska aspekter. Den som är eller varit anhörigvårdare vill helst inte själv vara mottagare av omfattande anhörigvård, utan hellre få huvuddelen av omsorgen från det offentliga. Man kan nog förutse ännu strängare ransonering av offentliga tjänster i framtiden, där anhöriga och marknadsbaserade tjänster är alternativen, möjligen tillsammans med växande insatser från ideella organisationer.

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  • 24.
    Jegermalm, Magnus
    et al.
    Ersta Sköndal högskola, Enheten för forskning om det civila samhället.
    Renblad, Karin
    Henning, Cecilia
    Future Workshop as a Method to Create an Aging-friendly Community2009In: Perspectives on empowerment, social cohesion and democracy: an international anthology / [ed] Cecilia Henning & Karin Renblad, Jönköping: School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University , 2009Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 25.
    Jegermalm, Magnus
    et al.
    Ersta Sköndal högskola, Enheten för forskning om det civila samhället.
    Sjögren, Jessica
    Ersta Sköndal högskola, Enheten för forskning om det civila samhället.
    Kompetens nord och syd - utbildningar för arbetslösa försörjningsstödstagare i Stockholms stad: en studie av ett samverkansprojekt mellan socialtjänsten och utbildningssamordnare2006Book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 26.
    Jegermalm, Magnus
    et al.
    Ersta Sköndal högskola, Enheten för forskning om det civila samhället.
    Sundh, Kenneth
    Ersta Sköndal högskola, Institutionen för socialt arbete.
    Social mobilisering i frivillig regi: en studie av Svenska Röda korsets arbete med lokala utsatthets- och kapacitetsstudier2005Report (Other academic)
    Download full text (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 27.
    Jegermalm, Magnus
    et al.
    Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi.
    Sundström, Gerdt
    Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi.
    Carers in Sweden: The public support they receive, and the support they desire2013In: Journal of Care Services Management, ISSN 1750-1679, E-ISSN 1750-1687, Vol. 7, no 1, p. 17-25Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Summary

    • This article describes and analyses public support received by unpaid carers in Sweden

    • Three types of carers were identified

    •  Very few carers helping someone living in a different household – the large majority of carers – received or desired support aimed directly at them

    • Carers mostly wanted public services for the cared-for person

    • Despite legislation in 2009 mandating municipalities to offer support to carers, very few of them know about this law

    •  There is a wide gap between policies and their implementation, but also some reluctance among carers to use public support services for themselves

    •  Social policy needs to clarify the aims of the support provided and to take the needs of both carers and cared-for persons into account.

    This article describes and analyses public support for Swedish unpaid carers, now mandated by law, and also the support that they desire, using surveys conducted in 2008, 2009, and later. Few carers helping someone in a different household – the large majority of the carers – received any support aimed directly at them, such as access to support groups, training, relief service, or financial support. Yet, most carers did not desire any support for themselves. They mostly wanted public services for the cared-for person, all of which may also indirectly support carers. Intra-household carers – about a tenth of all carers – have vastly larger care commitments than other carers. Some of them desire support for themselves, usually relief services of financial support. Three out of 10 of these carers used any public support, despite the new (2009) legislation that only a minority of carers know about. There is a wide gap between policies and their implementation, but also some reluctance among carers to use public support for themselves. The relationship between carers and the state is unclear in Sweden and this reflects on the aims and the forms of support. Stereotypes about ‘typical’ carers may have impeded adequate forms of support.

  • 28.
    Jegermalm, Magnus
    et al.
    Ersta Sköndal högskola, Institutionen för socialvetenskap.
    Sundström, Gerdt
    School of Health Sciences, Jönköping university.
    Ideella insatser för och av äldre: en lösning på äldreomsorgens utmaningar?2014 (ed. 1)Book (Other academic)
  • 29.
    Jegermalm, Magnus
    et al.
    Ersta Sköndal högskola, Enheten för forskning om det civila samhället.
    Whitaker, Anna
    Ersta Sköndal högskola, Enheten för forskning om det civila samhället.
    Upptäckten av anhöriga?: kommuners och frivilliga organisationers stöd till äldres anhöriga i Stockholms län2000Report (Other academic)
  • 30. Jeppsson Grassman, Eva
    et al.
    Jegermalm, Magnus
    Ersta Sköndal högskola, Institutionen för socialvetenskap.
    De äldsta som aktörer i civilsamhället : omfattning, förändringar och profiler2015In: Med kärlek till det oordnade / [ed] Johan von Essen, Magnus Karlsson, Lena Blomquist, Emilia Forsell och Lars Trädgårdh, Stockholm: Ersta Sköndal högskola , 2015, 1, p. 157-178Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 31.
    Renblad, Karin
    et al.
    Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ. Åldrande - livsvillkor och hälsa.
    Henning, Cecilia
    Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Avd. för beteendevetenskap och socialt arbete.
    Jegermalm, Magnus
    Ersta Sköndal högskola.
    Framtidsverkstad som metod inom social planering och samhällsmotiverad forskning: Hur skapar vi ett åldrandevänligt samhälle?2009Report (Other academic)
  • 32.
    Renblad, Karin
    et al.
    Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ. Åldrande - livsvillkor och hälsa.
    Henning, Cecilia
    Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Avd. för beteendevetenskap och socialt arbete.
    Jegermalm, Magnus
    Ersta Sköndal högskola.
    Future Workshop as a Method for Societally motivated Research and Social Planning2009In: Perspectives on Empowerment, Social Cohesion and Democracy: An international antology / [ed] Cecilia Henning & Karin Renblad, Jönköping: School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University , 2009, p. 185-211Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 33.
    Svedberg, Lars
    et al.
    Ersta Sköndal högskola, Enheten för forskning om det civila samhället.
    von Essen, Johan
    Ersta Sköndal högskola, Enheten för forskning om det civila samhället.
    Jegermalm, Magnus
    Ersta Sköndal högskola, Enheten för forskning om det civila samhället.
    Svenskarnas engagemang är större än någonsin: insatser i och utanför föreningslivet2010Report (Other academic)
    Download full text (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 34.
    von Essen, Johan
    et al.
    Ersta Sköndal högskola, Institutionen för socialvetenskap.
    Jegermalm, Magnus
    Ersta Sköndal högskola, Institutionen för socialvetenskap.
    Svedberg, Lars
    Ersta Sköndal högskola, Institutionen för socialvetenskap.
    Folk i rörelse: medborgerligt engagemang 1992-20142015Report (Other academic)
    Download full text (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
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