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  • 301.
    Ahlström Söderling, Ragnar
    Dalarna University, School of Technology and Business Studies, Business Administration and Management.
    Regionala företags förutsättningar för internationell konkurrenskraft: utvärdering av en undersökningsmodell2006Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Kan man bedöma om företag med tillväxtpotential även har kompetens att ta tillvara den? Denna fundering ligger till grund för den studie som redovisas i den här avhandlingen. Syftet med studien är i första hand att utvärdera hur en ”Best Business Practice”- modell kan bidra till ökad förståelse, hos myndigheter och andra samhällsaktörer, för vilka befintliga företag i en region som kan ha förutsättningar att vara internationellt konkurrenskraftiga med avseende på de processutövanden och processresultat som föreligger i deras operativa verksamhet. Utvärderingen baseras på en kartläggning av tillverkande arbetsställen i Dalarnas län med minst 10 anställda som genomfördes 2002. Studien i Dalarna bekräftar undersökningsmodellens antagande om en relation mellan gott processutövande och bra processresultat. Analyser visar att företag med höga värden på såväl processutövande som processresultat (de Ledande företagen) har högre sannolikhet för att redovisa en hög och ökande marknadsandel, förbättrad produktivitet, ökande nettokassaflöde, god och förbättrad lönsamhet samt en högre avkastningsgrad än företag med låga värden på dessa parametrar (de Sladdande företagen). Studien indikerar även ett samband mellan tillväxt och processresultat då de flesta företagen med hög tillväxt redovisar höga värden på undersökningsmetodens indexet för processresultat samtidigt som de flesta företagen med negativ tillväxt har låga värden på detta index. De marknadsledande företagen i studien skiljer sig från övriga företag genom att oftare använda sig av benchmarking. I sina benchmarkingprocesser fokuserar de på ett bredare spann av jämförelsemått, jämför sig oftare med företag inom andra branscher såväl som andra länder samt lägger en större fokus på innovations- och verksamhetsmått. De marknadsledande företagen är även mer innovativa, både vad gäller introduktion av nya produkter som av nya processer. Utvärderingen redovisar att undersökningsmetoden har en del tveksamheter men trots det ger möjlighet att skaffa en mängd information och kunskap om näringslivets status i en region. Den visar på vilka företag som har processer på plats för att kunna expandera och vilka som behöver ”se om sitt hus” för att ha möjlighet att fortsätta sin verksamhet. Det räcker dock inte med kunskap. Kunskapen behöver omsättas i handling. En fråga som avhandlingen leder fram till är vilka som kan och vill agera på denna typ av information?

  • 302.
    Ahlström Söderling, Ragnar
    Dalarna University, School of Technology and Business Studies, Business Administration and Management.
    Small Fast Growing Firms Coming Out of Large Organizations: A Spin-off Situation Classification1998In: Conference on Growth and Job Creation in SMEs, Mikkeli, Finland, 1998Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Small fast growing high technology firms in Sweden often origin as spin-offs from large organizations. This paper presents a theoretical discussion about different types of spin-offs, what kind of spin-offs to expect from large organizations ("womb-firms" ) in different phases of evolution. The paper will also discuss what kind of relationship, between the "womb-firm" and the spin-off firm that is to be expected according to the actual type of spin-off and the "womb-firm" situation. The theoretical background is a model of growth in living systems. The paper examines ten different situations of the womb-firm. Every such situation is assumed to generate one or more of four different basic types of spin-offs and every type of spin-off is assumed to lead to the womb-firm adapting to the spin-off firm in one of five different ways. The conclusions are that in future research on spin-offs it will be possible to limit the view to four different womb-firm situations, namely: a) The business activities of the womb-firm are in growth b) The business activities of the womb-firm are mature or new patterns are looked for c) The business activities of the womb-firm are in a situation of degeneration or catastrophe d) The business activities of the womb-firm are oriented towards a new venture

  • 303.
    Ahlström Söderling, Ragnar
    Dalarna University, School of Technology and Business Studies, Business Administration and Management.
    SME Strategic Business Network seen as Learning Organizations: Some hypotheses based on a longitudinal analysis of Business Networks in the Swedish Wood Manufacturing Industry2002In: 12th Nordic Conference on Small Business Research, Kuopio, Finland, 2002Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 304.
    Ahlström Söderling, Ragnar
    Dalarna University, School of Technology and Business Studies, Business Administration and Management.
    SME strategic business networks seen as learning organizations2003In: Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, ISSN 1462-6004, E-ISSN 1758-7840, Vol. 10, no 4, p. 444-454Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 305.
    Ahlström Söderling, Ragnar
    Dalarna University, School of Technology and Business Studies, Business Administration and Management.
    The Dynamics of The Firm: In Search for a General Model1998In: 43rd ICBS World Conference, Singapore, 1998Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper describe a model from system theory that can be used as a base for better understanding of different situations in the firms evolution. This change model is derived from the theory of organic systems and divides the evolution of the system into higher complexity of the system structure in three distinctive phases. These phases are a formative phase, a normative phase and an integrative phase. After a summary of different types of models of the dynamics of the firm the paper makes a theoretical presentation of the model and how this model is adaptable for better understanding of the need for change in strategic orientation, organization form and leadership style over time.

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  • 306.
    Ahlström Söderling, Ragnar
    Dalarna University, School of Technology and Business Studies, Business Administration and Management.
    The Use of Practices As a Tool to Create Competitiveness: A study of the relation between the Best Business Practices and the managers experience on how their outcomes contribute to their firms competitiveness2005In: 50th ICSB World Conference, Washington DC, USA, 2005Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The view on strategy is conditioned by the theory of the firm used and its implication concerning value creation and sources of competitive advantage. Traditionally a common view on strategy has been conceptualized as a situational choice of generic strategies (e.g. Porter) assuming a type of contingency based view of the firm. During the last decade and still dominating is the focus on core competencies or distinctive capabilities assuming a resource based view of the firm (RBV). But where do the capabilities come from? It is generally acknowledged in research that these often intangible or tacit capabilities are developed through experiential learning or learning by practicing. This is the basis of a “practice based view of the firm” (PBV), often assumed in quality theories and methodologies, as a variant or specification of RBV. It is in PBV assumed, based on research findings, that there are practices that, in combination and when effectively linked together, can be expected to consistently improve operational performance and thus provide firms who adopt them with an advantage over those that do not. Thus good business practices, and the learning and knowledge creation developed through using them, can be thought of as the base or foundation on which distinctive capabilities and hence competitive advantage is built. The Business Practices and Performance Model (BPPS) has been developed from such a perspective and operationalised in a survey instrument. It has been used in three large scale empirical investigations in New Zealand during the 1990s and recently in five regions in Sweden. This paper reports an analysis on the use of ”Best practices” among manufacturing firms, in the county of Dalarna in Sweden, with ten and more employees. The study focus on the following question: Can use of “best practices” bee seen as a contributing factor in the creation of competitiveness and in that sense contribute to the growth of the firm?

  • 307.
    Ahlström Söderling, Ragnar
    Dalarna University, School of Technology and Business Studies, Business Administration and Management.
    The Use of Practices As Capabilities - A study of the relation between growth and the use of best practices in manufacturing SMEs in a region of Sweden2004In: 49th ICSB World Conference, Johannesburg, South Africa, 2004Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper reports an analysis on the use of Best practices among manufacturing firms, in the county of Dalarna in Sweden, with ten and more employees. The study focus on the following question: Can the use of best practices bee seen as a contributing factor in the creation of competitiveness and in that sense contribute to the growth of the firm? Traditionally a common view on strategy has been conceptualized as a situational choice of generic strategies (e.g. Porter) assuming a type of contingency based view of the firm. During the last decade and still dominating is the focus on core competencies or distinctive capabilities assuming a resource based view of the firm (RBV). But where do the capabilities come from? It is generally acknowledged in research that these often intangible or tacit capabilities are developed through experiential learning or learning by practicing. This is the basis of a practice based view of the firm (PBV), often assumed in quality theories and methodologies, as a variant or specification of RBV. It is in PBV assumed, based on research findings, that there are practices that, in combination and when effectively linked together, can be expected to consistently improve operational performance and thus provide firms who adopt them with an advantage over those that do not. Thus good business practices, and the learning and knowledge creation developed through using them, can be thought of as the base or foundation on which distinctive capabilities and hence competitive advantage is built. Research Methodology The basis for the analysis is a dataset (127 firms) that was collected in the beginning of 2001 through a survey (BPPS) among manufacturing sites with 10 and more employees. The survey was sent to all firms (327) meeting the criteria above and the response rate was 40 %. The Business Practices and Performance Model (BPPS) have been developed from a Practice Based View that is operationalized in a survey instrument. It has been used in three large scale empirical investigations in New Zealand during the 1990s and recently in five regions in Sweden. Possible Conclusions The responses from the participating firm in this regional sample indicate that: - Firms that hold a wide strategically focus seems to be more likely to grow. - The likelihood for growth seems to be plosive correlated with operational outcomes - Operational outcomes are correlated with the use of practices Possible Recommendations A recommendation for the firm management might be: As long as a firm´s products or services are interesting on their market will it be a good idea to hold a broad strategic focus and put energy to implement and maintain practices to ensure good operational outcomes that make it possible to meet the pull from the market in a successful way. A recommendation for policymakers and support organizations might be to support the management of growing firms to implement and maintain practices to ensure good operational outcomes.

  • 308.
    Ahlström Söderling, Ragnar
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Technology and Business Studies, Business Administration and Management.
    Ager, Bengt
    Dalarna University, School of Technology and Business Studies, Business Administration and Management.
    Bergqvist, Mathias
    Bengtsson, Patrik
    Local development and co-operation in wood manufacturing: Case studies in Sweden1999In: Proceedings of Symposium on New Opportunities for Forest-Related Rural Development, IUFRO / [ed] Slee, Bill; Hughes, Irene, Aberdeen, Scotland, 1999, p. 231-5Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 309.
    Ahlström Söderling, Ragnar
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Technology and Business Studies, Business Administration and Management.
    Bianchi, Carmine
    Bivona, Enzo
    Dyner, Isaac
    Galan, Liliana
    Strocchia, Marisela
    Winch, Graham
    Managing Small Business Growth2007Book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The Book is thought to be tha foundation for courses in Small business growth management - either for experienced SME Managers or for Master Students. Included is a CD with Interactive Learning Environments for simultion of different growth strategies as werll as powerpoints and ten case studies.

  • 310.
    Ahlström Söderling, Ragnar
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Technology and Business Studies, Business Administration and Management.
    Land, Göran
    Dalarna University, School of Technology and Business Studies, Business Administration and Management.
    The Use of Information And Communication Technology As A Tool to Create Capabilities: A study of the relation between use of ICT and the use of Best Business Practices in manufacturing SMEs in a region of Sweden2004In: 13th Nordic Conference on Small Business Research, Tromsö, 2004Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper reports an analysis on the use of ICT among manufacturing firms, in the county of Dalarna in Sweden, with ten and more employees. The study focus on the following question: Can the use of ICT be seen as a contributing factor in the process of the creation of competitiveness? Traditionally a common view on strategy has been conceptualized as a situational choice of generic strategies (e.g. Porter) assuming a type of contingency based view of the firm. During the last decade and still dominating is the focus on core competencies or distinctive capabilities assuming a resource based view of the firm (RBV). But where do the capabilities come from? It is generally acknowledged in research that these often intangible or tacit capabilities are developed through experiential learning or learning by practicing. This is the basis of a “practice based view of the firm” (PBV), often assumed in quality theories and methodologies, as a variant or specification of RBV. It is in PBV assumed, based on research findings, that there are practices that, in combination and when effectively linked together, can be expected to consistently improve operational performance and thus provide firms who adopt them with an advantage over those that do not. Thus good business practices, and the learning and knowledge creation developed through using them, can be thought of as the base or foundation on which distinctive capabilities and hence competitive advantage is built. There is an assumption that the use of ICT will contribute in the creation of this distinctive capabilities. Research Methodology The basis for the analysis is a dataset (127 firms) that was collected in the beginning of 2001 through a survey (BPPS) among manufacturing sites with 10 and more employees. The survey was sent to all firms (327) meeting the criteria above and the response rate was 40 %. The Business Practices and Performance Model (BPPS) have been developed from a Practice Based View that is operationalized in a survey instrument. It has been used in three large scale empirical investigations in New Zealand during the 1990s and recently in five regions in Sweden (The total Swedish dataset is 741 work sites and we might do some comparisons). Possible Conclusions The responses from the participating firm in this regional sample might indicate that: · Firms that are using ICT more seems to be more likely to be or to become market leaders. · The likelihood for high values on operational outcomes seems to be positive correlated with the use of ICT. · Operational outcomes are correlated with the use of practices and the use of practices seems to be influenced by the use of ICT.

  • 311.
    Ahlström Söderling, Ragnar
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Technology and Business Studies, Business Administration and Management.
    Lindhult, E
    Sundqvist, J
    Wijkman, P-M
    From Recourses to Practices: A study of the use of best practices in manufacturing companies in Sweden based on a survey from New Zealand2003In: 17th Nordic Conference on Business Studies, Reykjavik, 2003Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 312.
    Ahlström Söderling, Ragnar
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Technology and Business Studies, Business Administration and Management.
    McCluskey, Denise R
    Dalarna University, School of Technology and Business Studies, Business Administration and Management.
    Brunåker, Svante
    Lindhult, Erik
    Doing Something Different!: Collaborative Approaches to Entrepreneurship Courses in Management Education2004In: RENT XVIII -Research in Entrepreneurship and Small Business, Copenhagen, 2004Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 313.
    Ahlström Söderling, Ragnar
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Technology and Business Studies, Business Administration and Management.
    Wiik, Ewa
    Lessons from a High-tech Spin-off Case: an analysis on a spin-off failure from a multinational organization1998In: 43rd ICBS World Conference, Singapore, 1998Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper make a presentation of a high-tech spin-off firm that failed. The case is compared with some theories about spin-offs and their relationship with their womb-firm (incubator organization). The analysis cover the driving force, the womb-firm situation, the relationship between the womb-firm and the spin-off firm. The analysis is also taking the perspective from a system theory growth model.

  • 314.
    Ahlsén Gahns, Malin
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Technology and Business Studies, Human Geography.
    Olsson, Johan
    Dalarna University, School of Technology and Business Studies, Human Geography.
    Current and future shopping conditions in Sälen2011Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Going from having bought the most essential at the small shops close to home, better communications and an increasingly consumption oriented lifestyle has created a change in shopping behavior and has led to phenomenon such as shopping centres and more. These are constantly being built in Sweden: in the cities, outside the cities and more recently even in small cities -small cities as for one reason or another have access to a larger customer base which can have businesses to flourish economically.

    During the first decade of the 21st century, shopping centres have been established along the Swedish/Norwegian border. Since the Norwegian Krone is much stronger than the Swedish Krona Norwegians save a great deal of money on going to Sweden to shop. During the shopping trips to Sweden, it is mostly alcohol, meat, tobacco and candy that are being bought. However, other products such as clothing, technology, household appliances and more are also being purchased, all to save money on the trip. Together these cross border shoppers spent 11, 6 billion in Sweden during the year of 2010. This gives an average spending of approximately 10 900 SEK per cross border shopper on annual basis.

    Nordby, Töcksfors and Charlottenberg (small cities located in southwestern Sweden) are places characterized by Norwegian cross border shopping. Together, they generate billions every year and this only seems to increase. These places are relatively small in size but have prominent attributes such as proximity to the Norwegian border. Apart from these resorts and shopping centres, there are few or none similar places near the Norwegian border in the rest of Sweden. However, a place which is geographically well located and has a relatively large Norwegian and Swedish customer base is the ski resort of Sälen in west central of Sweden.

    Sälen is a village located near the Norwegian border, although fairly sparsely populated. The destination has annually about one million official guest nights, based on the 414 000 visitors who stay an average of about 4, 5 days.  Per visit, these tourists individually spend an average of 862 SEK on shopping at the destination.

    The expenditure of the mountain tourists together with the Norwegian border shoppers makes it very interesting to explore the opportunities for shopping development in terms of a shopping centre in the region of Sälen.

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  • 315.
    Ahlén, Susanne
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Educational Work.
    Värdegrundsarbete i praktiken: Avgörande faktorer för framgångsrikt värdegrundsarbete2015Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Stora delar av skolpolitiken har den senaste tiden bestått av ordning och reda med allt fokus på de mätbara kunskapsresultaten. Politikerna framhåller att kunskapsmålen sätts främst och pekar på vikten av att ha höga förväntningar på eleverna, men även ett tydligt pedagogiskt ledarskap och goda relationer mellan lärare och elev samt en gemensam värdegrund och tydliga regler betonas.

    Min studie belyser faktorer som kan antas vara avgörande för den studerade skolans prisbelönta framgångar mot främlingsfientlighet och kränkande behandling. Lärarnas värdegrundsarbete genomsyrande det dagliga arbetet Det finns samarbete mellan skolans olika klasser, en tydlig och drivande ledning samt en utveckling av elevhälsoteamet. Jag formulerade två forskningsfrågor som skulle hjälpa mig att få svar på mitt syfte: Vad är det i den utvalda skolans rektor, speciallärare samt några få utvalda elever anser sig ha lyckats med när det gäller skolans värdegrund samt frågan om det finns några viktiga faktorer i värdegrundsarbetet att beakta och i så fall vilka?

    För att få svar på mina forskningsfrågor intervjuade jag rektor och en speciallärare samt fem slumpvalda elever i årskurs 6. Resultatet visar bland annat att det finns en röd tråd av syften och medvetenhet i hela verksamheten. Den visar också på stor elevdelaktighet. Man identifierar snabbt konflikter och tar aktivt ställning och försöker göra något åt detta. Skolan hjälper eleverna att hantera konflikter med bl.a. DRACON, ett konflikthanteringsprogram. Skolan synliggör skolans uppdrag, värdegrund, hälsa och lärande tydligt för eleverna. Den visar även på ett stort gemensamt engagemang och kompetens hos lärarna, där alla pedagoger eftersträvar samma sak och i lika hög grad.

  • 316.
    Ahmad, Mahmoud
    Dalarna University, School of Humanities and Media Studies, French.
    L’usage de la naïveté dans les contes philosophiques Candide et Le Petit Prince2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis focuses on the study of the choice of a naive hero and the philosophical tale by Voltaire and Saint-Exupéry in Candide and The Little Prince. We first defined what we mean by naivety, the philosophical tale and children’s literature theories. We checked the hypothesis that naivety allows the protagonists to be porous and open to the experiences that they encounter. They are not obtuse, stubborn, they are ready to learn because they are naive. We also highlighted the advantage of the naive character of the protagonist and the philosophical tale to convey a message to the readers. We also tried to understand the reasons that encouraged the two authors to choose these literary genres (philosophical tale and children’s literature). Finally, we studied the evolution and learning process of the protagonists. The learning happened at the end of the journey for Candide and during the journey for the little prince and in their evolution other characters assisted them.

  • 317.
    Ahmad Nia, Pardis
    Dalarna University, School of Information and Engineering.
    Shading and natural ventilation, addressing indoor overheating in the present and future through the case study of Bysjöstrand eco-village2021Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Climate change temperatures expected to rise and extreme heat events (HW) canbe intensified. The influence of climate change on the built environment willbecame more apparent over the coming years. For example, there would be ashift in the risk of overheating in buildings, as well as the cooling and heatingneeds.Studies found that design strategies used to optimize buildings for winter like:good thermal insulation, high airtightness, and extra heat gains increase the riskof overheating. Thus, because of climate change, there is a need for checking thebuildings for summer conditions even in heating dominated countries.This study aims to investigate the potential of two main passive design strategiesto mitigate indoor overheating: ventilation and shading. The main focus of thisstudy is on single-family homes within the Swedish context. Bysjöstrand EkobyAssociation’s Bysjöstrand eco-village project is used as case study. 30 singlefamilyhomes are simulated using Honeybee to run EnergyPlus for calculatingindoor mean air temperature values, extracting the number of hour andpercentages of overheating for each building.Six alternative scenarios were used to evaluate the eco-village. The firststructures were assessed to determine the hours and percentage of time spentoverheating in the present and future situations. The second scenarios, whichinvolved utilizing natural ventilation, was tested to determine if and to what extentit can help to reduce the overheating risk in present and future.A combination of natural ventilation and shading was used for the last scenariosboth for current and future climate.According to the findings, natural ventilation has the greatest influence in reducingoverheating. Combining these two strategies in 2020 and 2070 can lower theaverage percentages of overheating from 17.5 % to 0.6 % and 52.8 % to 12.4%,respectively.The majority of the overheating risk may be addressed using passive strategies,based on the results. More detailed building design is likely be able to eliminateoverheating in single family homes, however, as this study showed it is importantto consider passive strategies from the early stage on the design process.

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  • 318.
    Ahmad, Ramiar
    Dalarna University, School of Language, Literatures and Learning.
    The influence of yakuwarigo and gendered language on character portrayals: A case study of the Japanese translation of Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets by JK Rowling2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The book Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, written by the prolific author J.K.Rowling, is a popular piece of fiction that has been adapted into a film as well as severalvideogames. The book has also been translated from its original English into dozens oflanguages, including Japanese. Translations can differ from their original counterparts,especially when the languages in question differ in their syntax and cultural norms. Thesedifferences can potentially alter the original author’s intended character portrayals.This project aimed to evaluate the effect of gendered language and yakuwarigo on charactervoices in the Japanese translation of Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets. Fourcharacters – Hermione, Hagrid, Dumbledore, and McGonagall – were evaluated bymeans of their spoken dialogue in the book. The English lines of dialogue and their Japanesecounterparts were extracted from the book and analysed.The results of the dialogue-analysis show that the dialogue in the Japanese version of thebook was more gendered, and exhibited typical signs of role language. These findingswere corroborated through the use of separate questionnaires for Japanese and Englishparticipants. The questionnaires asked participants to determine the gender and role ofcharacters purely on the basis of certain lines in the book, with no external contextprovided. Japanese participants managed to identify both the gender and role of charactersmore accurately.

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  • 319. Ahmad, Shafqat
    et al.
    Hammar, Ulf
    Kennedy, Beatrice
    Salihovic, Samira
    Ganna, Andrea
    Lind, Lars
    Sundström, Johan
    Ärnlöv, Johan
    Dalarna University, School of Health and Welfare, Medical Science. Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
    Berne, Christian
    Fall, Tove
    Effect of General Adiposity and Central Body Fat Distribution on the Circulating Metabolome: a Multi-Cohort Non-Targeted Metabolomics Observational and Mendelian Randomization Study2022In: Diabetes, ISSN 0012-1797, E-ISSN 1939-327X, Vol. 71, no 2, p. 329-339Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Obesity is associated with adverse health outcomes, but the metabolic effects have not yet been fully elucidated. We aimed to investigate the association between adiposity with circulating metabolites and to address causality with Mendelian randomization (MR). Metabolomics data was generated by non-targeted ultra-performance liquid-chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass-spectrometry in plasma and serum from three population-based Swedish cohorts: ULSAM (N=1,135), PIVUS (N=970), and TwinGene (N=2,059). We assessed associations between general adiposity measured as body mass index (BMI) and central body fat distribution measured as waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI (WHRadjBMI) with 210 annotated metabolites. We employed MR analysis to assess causal effects. Lastly, we attempted to replicate the MR findings in the KORA and TwinsUK cohorts (N=7,373), the CHARGE consortium (N=8,631), the Framingham Heart Study (N=2,076) and the DIRECT consortium (N=3,029). BMI was associated with 77 metabolites, while WHRadjBMI was associated with 11 and 3 metabolites in women and men, respectively. The MR analyses in the Swedish cohorts suggested a causal association (p-value <0.05) of increased general adiposity and reduced levels of arachidonic acid, dodecanedioic acid and lysophosphatidylcholine (P-16:0) as well as with increased creatine levels. The replication effort provided support for a causal association of adiposity on reduced levels of arachidonic acid (p-value 0.03). Adiposity is associated with variation of large parts of the circulating metabolome, however causality needs further investigation in well-powered cohorts.

  • 320.
    Ahmad, Shafqat
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Uppsala;Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA..
    Ärnlöv, Johan
    Dalarna University, School of Health and Welfare, Medical Science. Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
    Larsson, Susanna C.
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Uppsala University, Uppsala.
    Genetically Predicted Circulating Copper and Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study2022In: Nutrients, E-ISSN 2072-6643, Vol. 14, no 3, article id 509Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Elevated circulating copper levels have been associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD), kidney damage, and decline in kidney function. Using a two sample Mendelian randomization approach where copper-associated genetic variants were used as instrumental variables, genetically predicted higher circulating copper levels were associated with higher CKD prevalence (odds ratio 1.17; 95% confidence interval 1.04, 1.32; p-value = 0.009). There was suggestive evidence that genetically predicted higher copper was associated with a lower estimated glomerular filtration rate and a more rapid kidney damage decline. In conclusion, we observed that elevated circulating copper levels may be a causal risk factor for CKD. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

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  • 321.
    Ahmadi Moghadam, Parham
    Dalarna University, School of Technology and Business Studies, Energy Technology.
    Steel Sheet Applications and Integrated Heat Management2016Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Increasing energy use has caused many environmental problems including global warming. Energy use is growing rapidly in developing countries and surprisingly a remarkable portion of it is associated with consumed energy to keep the temperature comfortable inside the buildings. Therefore, identifying renewable technologies for cooling and heating is essential. This study introduced applications of steel sheets integrated into the buildings to save energy based on existing technologies. In addition, the proposed application was found to have a considerable chance of market success.

    Also, satisfying energy needs for space heating and cooling in a single room by using one of the selected applications in different Köppen climate classes was investigated to estimate which climates have a proper potential for benefiting from the application. This study included three independent parts and the results related to each part have been used in the next part.

    The first part recognizes six different technologies through literature review including Cool Roof, Solar Chimney, Steel Cladding of Building, Night Radiative Cooling, Elastomer Metal Absorber, and Solar Distillation. The second part evaluated the application of different technologies by gathering the experts’ ideas via performing a Delphi method. The results showed that the Solar Chimney has a proper chance for the market.

    The third part simulated both a solar chimney and a solar chimney with evaporation which were connected to a single well insulated room with a considerable thermal mass. The combination was simulated as a system to estimate the possibility of satisfying cooling needs and heating needs in different climate classes. A Trombe-wall was selected as a sample design for the Solar Chimney and was simulated in different climates. The results implied that the solar chimney had the capability of reducing the cooling needs more than 25% in all of the studied locations and 100% in some locations with dry or temperate climate such as Mashhad, Madrid, and Istanbul. It was also observed that the heating needs were satisfied more than 50% in all of the studied locations, even for the continental climate such as Stockholm and 100% in most locations with a dry climate. Therefore, the Solar Chimney reduces energy use, saves environment resources, and it is a cost effective application. Furthermore, it saves the equipment costs in many locations. All the results mentioned above make the solar chimney a very practical and attractive tool for a wide range of climates.

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  • 322.
    Ahmadi, Sanaz
    Dalarna University, School of Humanities and Media Studies, Japanese.
    Sorry for Thanking You: Expressions of Gratitude and Apology in Favor Asking Messages of Swedish Advanced Learners of Japanese2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [ja]

    日本語を勉強する外国人の重大な問題の一つは語用論と談話に関連する難しさである。言語習得には文化的な要素が重要であるが、文化の経験がない学習者が基本的な間違いをする人が多人数である。スウェーデン人の日本語学生に支障になる事の中では相手に迷惑や失礼を回避するような方法で要求文を作成する事である。文化的な相違点を参考にし、スウェーデン人の日本語学生に要求の言語行為のDCTを使いインターネット調査を行った。調べるにあたって注目した点は依頼の場合でのポライトネス・ストラテジーという言語行為である。結果的にスウェーデン人の日本語学生の間違いは特の言語行為による事ではなく、国の社会が個人主義か集団主義かという事によるようだ。スウェーデンは日本と比較して個人主義な社会である事で個人を基本とするポライトネス・ストラテジーを用いる事が多い。

  • 323. Ahman, Birgitta
    et al.
    Svensson, Kristin
    Rönnegård, Lars
    Dalarna University, School of Technology and Business Studies, Statistics.
    High female mortality resulting in herd collapse in free-ranging domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in Sweden2014In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 9, no 10, article id e111509Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Reindeer herding in Sweden is a form of pastoralism practised by the indigenous Sami population. The economy is mainly based on meat production. Herd size is generally regulated by harvest in order not to overuse grazing ranges and keep a productive herd. Nonetheless, herd growth and room for harvest is currently small in many areas. Negative herd growth and low harvest rate were observed in one of two herds in a reindeer herding community in Central Sweden. The herds (A and B) used the same ranges from April until the autumn gathering in October-December, but were separated on different ranges over winter. Analyses of capture-recapture for 723 adult female reindeer over five years (2007-2012) revealed high annual losses (7.1% and 18.4%, for herd A and B respectively). A continuing decline in the total reindeer number in herd B demonstrated an inability to maintain the herd size in spite of a very small harvest. An estimated breakpoint for when herd size cannot be kept stable confirmed that the observed female mortality rate in herd B represented a state of herd collapse. Lower calving success in herd B compared to A indicated differences in winter foraging conditions. However, we found only minor differences in animal body condition between the herds in autumn. We found no evidence that a lower autumn body mass generally increased the risk for a female of dying from one autumn to the next. We conclude that the prime driver of the on-going collapse of herd B is not high animal density or poor body condition. Accidents or disease seem unlikely as major causes of mortality. Predation, primarily by lynx and wolverine, appears to be the most plausible reason for the high female mortality and state of collapse in the studied reindeer herding community.

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  • 324.
    Ahmed, Abdikafi
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Technology and Business Studies, Business Administration and Management.
    Karlsson, Rikard
    Dalarna University, School of Technology and Business Studies, Business Administration and Management.
    Digitaliseringens påverkan på revisionen2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background and discussion of problems: The digital transformation is going at a high speed, something that generally affects society and in particularly companies. This digital development also affects accounting firms. Digital tools maintain more space in the audit work, which changes the basis of the audit process and the quality of the audit. Digitization also provides a greater efficiency in the audit process and the quality of the audit. However, digitization causes that many tasks in the audit will be affected in the long term and more resources are therefore needed in form of skills and investment to keep up with the development in audit according to this study.Purpose and the questions of research: The purpose of the study is to gain an increased knowledge of how digitization has affected the audit process and its quality. To achieve the purpose of the study, two research questions are asked concerning the audit process and its three phases, as well as how audit quality has changed thanks to digitization.Methodology and the limitations of study: The study is implemented through a qualitative method in which semi-structured interview with three respondents from established audit firms that form the basis of the study's empirical data. The limitations of study were made by through a interview to authorized auditors. Therefore, it is restricted to those professions that work in audit firms, such as accountants, tax advisers, among others.Discussion and conclusions: The result of this study highlights how the audit process has been affected by digitization especially the planning stage has been significantly affected where this step is no longer done manually but using different digital tools. furthermore the study concludes that much work has not done in both in reviewing phase and reporting. However the respondents claim that the quality of the audit has improved somewhat due to the more digitization i audit firms.

  • 325. Ahmed, Caisha Arai
    et al.
    Khokhar, Amrish Tayyibah
    Erlandsson, Kerstin
    Dalarna University, School of Health and Welfare, Sexual Reproductive Perinatal Health.
    Bogren, Malin
    Defibulated immigrant women's sexual and reproductive health from the perspective of midwives and gynaecologists as primary care providers in Sweden - A phenomenographic study.2021In: Sexual & Reproductive HealthCare, ISSN 1877-5756, E-ISSN 1877-5764, Vol. 29, article id 100644Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: To capture care providers' perceptions of defibulated immigrant women's sexual and reproductive health, illuminated by their experiences as care providers for these women.

    METHODS: Individual interview study with 13 care providers at Swedish healthcare facilities: six gynaecologists and seven midwives caring for defibulated immigrant women, analysed with a phenomenographic method.

    FINDINGS: One of the care providers' perceptions of women who had been defibulated was that they had an altered genital function, meaning a wider introitus, improved vaginal intercourse, and more ease urinating and menstruating. The care providers also perceived that women who were defibulated had to balance their wellbeing, struggling between a positive self-image and handling their emotions. Existing in-between cultural values led to a fear of being excluded while at the same time having a desire to be included in the new culture.

    CONCLUSION: Defibulation affects women's sexual and reproductive health and calls for a holistic perspective when providing services, individualized according to the woman's care needs. Support and counselling, should include information about defibulation already during the adolescent years to promote sexual and reproductive health and well-being.

  • 326.
    Ahmed, Hamdi
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Health and Welfare, Care Sciences.
    Babayeva, Irade
    Dalarna University, School of Health and Welfare, Care Sciences.
    Att belysa stressfaktorer som påverkar kommunikationen mellan sjuksköterskor och patienter inom sluten vård: En litteraturöversikt2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: One of the most important qualities in the nursing profession is to establish a dialogue with patients to learn more about the patient's current situation. The purpose of this study is to study the stressors that affect communication between nurses and patients. Stressrelated to work causes poor physical and mental health and affects the nurses' work environment. A good nurse always tries to improve the relationship with the patients so that it is easier to get to the basic problem. A well performed communication contributes to patients feeling involved and given the opportunity to convey their experience. Aim: To clarify stress factors that affect communication between nurses and patients in inpatient care. Method: A structured literature review with elements of the methodology used in systematic literature reviews. The result contained 15 scientific articles and was taken from Psycinfo, PubMed and Cinahl. Results: Understaffing increases the nurse's workload, which minimizes the ability to see the patient's needs. Time pressure will cause the nurses to not have time to complete their work tasks, which in turn burdens their colleagues. Cultural and language barriers are one of the stressors that hinder communication between patients and nurses. Conclusions: Lack of experienced nurses increases the nurse's work-related stress, which in turn reduces the ability to see patients' needs. Documentation and understaffing creates a stressful work environment, and this leads to an increased workload. Lack of time minimizes communication between nurses and patients, which leads to a lack of nursing. Cultural differences could mean that nurses do not communicate with patients as much due to the fear of insulting the patients' culture.

  • 327.
    Ahmed Hawez, Helin
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Culture and Society.
    Roos, Moa
    Dalarna University, School of Culture and Society.
    Styrelsers utmärkande egenskaper: Ur ett jämställdhetsperspektiv2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose

    The purpose with this study is to find the boarders characteristics attributes from a gender perspective. This study is about investigating and finding how different boarders operate with distribution in terms of gender, but also finding what kind of experiences the boarders have in equality.

    Methodology

    A qualitative approach has been used with semistructured interviews. The main data consists of five interviews with different respondents who have alot of experiences of board work.

    Theoretical Perspectives

    The theory part contains economic theories that are relevant based on the study’s purpose and question formulations. The theory section also includes the applicable concepts.

    Empirical Foundation

    The study’s empirical information is based on interviews. The collected data contains semistructured interviews with five board members. These five board members tell their own experience of board structure.

    Discussion

    The discussion part contains the authors thoughts about board work and equality that interlock with relevant theories and concepts.

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  • 328.
    Ahmed, Ilhan
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Educational Work.
    Interkulturellt klassrum: En studie om hur ett interkulturellt klassrum skapas.2020Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 329.
    Ahmed, Ilhan
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Educational Work.
    Interkulturellt klassrum: En studie om hur ett interkulturellt klassrum skapas2020Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur SO-lärare i åk 4-6 beskriver att de arbetar för att skapa ett interkulturellt klassrum. Genom intervjuer med sex olika lärare besvaras studiens två frågeställningar: Hur beskriver SO-lärare i åk 4-6 att de arbetar för att inkludera elever med annat modersmål än svenska och deras tidigare kunskaper i undervisningen? Hur tycker SO-lärare i åk 4-6 att läromedlen i SO-undervisning förhåller sig till det interkulturella perspektivet?Den här uppsatsen utgår från det interkulturella perspektivet. De tidigare forskningarna inom detta ämne har man haft fokus på vilka faktorer som elever med annat modersmål gynnas av. De forskarna som presenteras i detta arbete belyser vikten av att stärka andraspråkselevernas första språk.Resultatet visade att interkulturellt klassrum skapas genom att uppmärksamma och välkomna elevers olika kulturer. Resultaten visade även att lärarna behöver mer kunskap om det interkulturella perspektivet.

  • 330.
    Ahmed, Marwo
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Ilau, Diana-Madalina
    Dalarna University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Mäns upplevelser av sexualitet efter radikal prostatektomi: En kvalitativ metasyntes2024Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The prostate is a gland located under the male bladder and surrounding the urethra. Prostate cancer is the most common form of cancer in Sweden among men. A common treatment is radical prostatectomy, which means removal of the prostate gland. One of the side effects of this treatment is erectile dysfunction, which affects over half of men after the procedure. Men's sexuality is intimately linked to the social context and can be influenced by both physiological and psychosocial factors

    Aim: To describe men's experience of sexuality after radical prostatectomy.

    Method: Meta-ethnography was chosen as the analysis method to answer the purpose of the meta-synthesis. PubMed, CINAHL and PsykINFO were used for data collection. The quality of the articles was assessed according to the Joanna Briggs review template. The results of the meta-synthesis are based on 15 scientific articles.

    Results: The result consists of three main categories that emerged during the analysis of the articles: The first main category is the experience of sexual life, which includes the subcategory Lack of support and the subcategory Restrictions on sexual activity. The second main category is Impact on psychosocial well-being and perceived emotions followed by the sub-category Life transitions and changes, impact on quality of life and the sub-category Redefining sexuality. The third main category is Changed Identity which is followed by the sub-category Loss of Confidence, Masculinity and Masculinity.

    Conclusion: Men experienced negative changes in their sexual scripts, influenced by traditional masculinity norms. For that reason, it is of great importance that this patient group receives adequate support after the operation and sexual counseling in order to promote sexual health, sexuality and to minimize negative side effects on quality of life and men's perception of masculinity and masculinity. Clinical applicability: This study may contribute to an increased insight, knowledge and understanding of men who have undergone radical prostatectomy. Which can further help midwives manage the treatment of these patients. Improved insight and understanding of the problem can promote high-quality person-centred care, reduce hospital stays and increase patients' trust in health care. 

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  • 331.
    Ahmed, Marwo
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Salah, Farhia
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Närståendes upplevelser av att leva med en familjemedlem som drabbats av stroke: En litteraturöversikt2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Stroke is a collective name for conditions that occur when the oxygen supply to the brain are disturbed as a result of a blockage or cerebral haemorrhage. The condition affects 15 million people annually making stroke one of the foremost the cause of death in the world. Stroke can contribute to major injuries which can be life changing for the person and the family. The nurse has an important role in providing support and care to the patient and informing and supporting relatives through this change.Aim: To describe family caregivers experience of life after strokeMethod: A literature review where 14 qualitative articles have been analyzed, the articles are taken from the databases Psycinfo, PubMed and CINAHL.Results: Three main categories were developed in the results. The categories was changed relationships and roles within the family, An everyday life with limitations and the consequences of a life in change..Conclusion: The literature review showed that relatives felt that life changed significantly after a family member's stroke diagnosis. The changed life situation made it difficult for relatives to restore a balance in everyday life. Through careful planning before hospital discharge, the nurse can identify which support measures are relevant for the family to have a functioning everyday life. The nurse should also be aware of the need for physical and emotional support in the meeting with relatives. The nurse can offer training, workshops or other forums where relatives can talk and meet families in similar situations. This can thus increase the nurse's ability to promote the health and well-being of relatives.

  • 332. Ahmed, Mobyen
    et al.
    Westin, Jerker
    Dalarna University, School of Technology and Business Studies, Computer Engineering.
    Nyholm, Dag
    Dougherty, Mark
    Dalarna University, School of Technology and Business Studies, Computer Engineering.
    Groth, Torgny
    A fuzzy rule-based decision support system for Duodopa treatment in Parkinson2006In: 23rd annual workshop of the Swedish Artificial Intelligence Society, Umeå, 2006Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A decision support system (DSS) was implemented based on a fuzzy logic inference system (FIS) to provide assistance in dose alteration of Duodopa infusion in patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease, using data from motor state assessments and dosage. Three-tier architecture with an object oriented approach was used. The DSS has a web enabled graphical user interface that presents alerts indicating non optimal dosage and states, new recommendations, namely typical advice with typical dose and statistical measurements. One data set was used for design and tuning of the FIS and another data set was used for evaluating performance compared with actual given dose. Overall goodness-of-fit for the new patients (design data) was 0.65 and for the ongoing patients (evaluation data) 0.98. User evaluation is now ongoing. The system could work as an assistant to clinical staff for Duodopa treatment in advanced Parkinson’s disease.

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  • 333.
    Ahmed, Mohamed Kheyr
    Dalarna University, School of Technology and Business Studies, Economics.
    Taylor rule and monetary policy: Does the Taylor rule describe the monetary policy in Sweden?2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In 1993, economist JB Taylor (1993) observed that the monetary policy in the USA is described by a simple rule, which today is known as the Taylor rule. Since then, many studies were conducted to determine whether Taylor rule explains the monetary policy of central banks all over the world. This study aims to investigate whether the Taylor rule can describe monetary policy in Sweden as initially specified by Taylor (1993). Monetary policy in Sweden from 1995: Q1 to 2018: Q2 is compared to the monetary policy of the USA during the Greenspan years ( 1987: Q4 to 2006: Q1). An ordinary least squares regression method (OLS) is used to estimate the reaction function of the monetary policy of both Sweden and the USA. The results of this study show that the Taylor rule does no describe Monetary policy in Sweden. In contrast, the results show that the US monetary policy during the Greenspan years can be described by the Taylor rule.

  • 334.
    Ahmed, Omar
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Information and Engineering.
    Kelli, Philip
    Dalarna University, School of Information and Engineering.
    Analysing recommended content provided by YouTube and users preferences: A Case Study at Dalarna University in Sweden2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The application YouTube released in 2005 is today known as the most prominent platform on the world wide web for sharing, creating, and discovering video content(s). By utilizing technology trends such as Machine learning, YouTube can take advantage of algorithms such as deep neural networks to entice the users with a massive amount of personalized recommended content(s)t to watch based on the user's data.

    The algorithm in the YouTube recommendation system collects the users' personalized data such as location, watch history and search history to recommend video content. The YouTube recommendation system gives personalized recommended content(s) to a YouTube user with the collected data. The user may deem the recommended content as ethically wrong. Therefore, bring up meaningful discussions such as a YouTube consumer's sentiment towards those contents they deem unethical.

    This research study examines what ethical challenges exist in the YouTube recommendation system and how those challenges affect the YouTube consumers trust in the recommendation system.

    • The research questions that were examined in this study are: What kind of ethical challenges does the YouTube recommendation system have?

    • What kind of impact do those ethical challenges have on the user’s trust in the YouTube recommendation system?

    The respondents consisted of students at Dalarna University. This research was conducted with semistructured interviews and a questionnaire that consisted of 11 questionnaires.

    By examining the results from the literature reviews, interviews, and questionnaire, the gathered results show that challenges such as inappropriate, misinformed content and privacy exist with the YouTube recommendation system. Numerous of our respondents felt like they did not trust the YouTube recommendation system with their personalized data, primarily because of receiving video content that is not relevant, which has made some of the respondent question what YouTube does with the influx of the individual data.

    Based on the result it can be concluded that there are many concerns related to ethical issues in the YouTube recommendation system. In essence, the respondents highlighted the significance of privacy when using a platform such as YouTube. The respondents desired more transparency with their data.

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  • 335.
    Ahmed, Sadeq Mohamed
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Technology and Business Studies, Economics.
    Vaziri, Kamran
    Dalarna University, School of Technology and Business Studies, Economics.
    Price elasticity of demand for cigarettes: The Case of Sweden2014Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Due to health problems and the negative externalities associated with cigarette consumption, many governments try to discourage cigarette consumption by increasing its price through taxation. However, cigarette, like the other addictive goods, is viewed as that it is not sensitive to demand rules and the market forces. This study analyses the effect of price increase on cigarette consumption. We used Swedish time series data from 1970 to 2010.

    Our results reveal that though cigarette is addictive substance its demand is sensitive to changes in the price. Estimates from this study indicate short-run price-elasticity of -0.29 and the long run price elasticity of -0.47.

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  • 336.
    Ahmed, Salim Saif Saeed
    Dalarna University, School of Technology and Business Studies, Microdata Analysis.
    Identify the driving behaviour in a parking lot in terms of distance.2018Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Parking a vehicle can often lead to frustration, air pollution and congestion due to limited availability of parking spaces. With increasing population density this problem can certainly increase unless addressed. Parking lots occupy large areas of scarce land resource therefore it is necessary to identify the driving behaviour in a parking lot to improve it further. This Paper tries study the driving behaviour in the parking lot and for this endeavours it conducted direct observation in three parking lots and used GPS data that was collected prior to this study by the University of Dalarna.

    To evaluate the driving behaviour in the parking lot direct observation was conducted to obtain overall indices of the parking lot vehicles movement. The parking route taken by the driver was compared with the optimal path to identify the driving behaviour in parking lot in terms of distance. The collected data was evaluated, filtered and analysed to identify the route, the distance and the time the vehicle takes to find a parking space.

    The outcome of the study shows that driving behaviour in the parking lots varies significantly among the parking user where most of the observed vehicles took unnecessary long time to complete their parking. The study shows that 56% of the 430 observed vehicles demonstrated inefficient driving behaviour as they took long driving path rather the than the optimal path. The study trace this behaviour to two factors, first, the absent of parking guidance in the parking lots and the second is the selectivity of the drivers when choosing the parking space.

    The study also shows that the ability of GPS data to identify the driving behaviour in the parking lots varies based on the time interval and the type of the device that is being used. The small the time interval the more accurate the GPS data in detecting the driving behaviour in the parking lots.

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  • 337.
    Ahmed, Toqeer
    Dalarna University, School of Technology and Business Studies, Computer Engineering.
    Load balancing solution and evaluation of F5 content switch equipment2006Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years))Student thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The Thesis focused on hardware based Load balancing solution of web traffic through a load balancer F5 content switch. In this project, the implemented scenario for distributing HTTPtraffic load is based on different CPU usages (processing speed) of multiple member servers. Two widely used load balancing algorithms Round Robin (RR) and Ratio model (weighted Round Robin) are implemented through F5 load balancer. For evaluating the performance of F5 content switch, some experimental tests has been taken on implemented scenarios using RR and Ratio model load balancing algorithms. The performance is examined in terms of throughput (bits/sec) and Response time of member servers in a load balancing pool. From these experiments we have observed that Ratio Model load balancing algorithm is most suitable in the environment of load balancing servers with different CPU usages as it allows assigning the weight according to CPU usage both in static and dynamic load balancing of servers.

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  • 338.
    Ahmed-Dahmane, Imane
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Social Work.
    Popescu, Monica
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Social Work.
    Anhörigvårdare av personer med demens: En litteraturöversikt om anhörigvårdares upplevelser under vårdtiden2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Family caregiving of people with dementia is expected to increase due to a declining public care and a growing number of people suffering from dementia. There is a need for better understanding of the life situation of family caregivers in order to give them the right support. The aim of this literature study is to emphasize the life situation of relatives caring for persons with dementia disease.  The methodological approach is thematic analysis av 15 qualitative studies that have been identified after a literature search conducted in three databases. The results are presented in three main themes and five sub-themes. The themes highlight the family caregivers, their experience and the strategies they use to cope with everyday life. The study concludes that the life situation of the family caregivers is individualized. Their support needs are varying according to the development of the dementia disease and the circumstances before the illness.

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  • 339.
    Ahmedi, Idris
    et al.
    Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för samhälls- och kulturvetenskap (from 2013).
    Abdelzadeh, Ali
    Delegationen mot segregation.
    Iran2018In: Komparativ politik: Tio politiska system / [ed] Carsten Anckar & Thomas Denk, Lund: Studentlitteratur AB , 2018, 2, p. 301-331Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 340. Ahnberg, Elisabeth
    et al.
    Lundgren, Mats
    Dalarna University, School of Education and Humanities, Education.
    Messing, Jan
    von Schantz Lundgren, Ina
    Dalarna University, School of Education and Humanities, Education.
    Följeforskning som företeelse och följeforskarrollen som konkret praktik2010In: Arbetsmarknad & Arbetsliv, ISSN 1400-9692, E-ISSN 2002-343X, Vol. Nr 16, no 3, p. 55-66Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [sv]

    Med utgångspunkt i fyra följeforskningsprocesser, där vi själva medverkat, diskuterar vi följeforskning som företeelse och rollen som följeforskare. Vår artikel ska ses som ett empiriskt exempel i anslutning till den debatt som Göran Brulin, Karin Sjöberg och Lennart Svensson initierade genom artikeln ”Gemensam kunskapsbildning för regional tillväxt”.

  • 341.
    Ahnberg, Samuel
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Educational Work.
    Programmering i bildämnet: En fallstudie om potentialer med programmering i åk 4-62019Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 342.
    Ahnberg, Samuel
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Educational Work.
    Programmering i bildämnet: En kvalitativ intervjustudie om potentialer med programmering i åk 4-62018Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med den här studien är att genom en kvalitativ intervjustudie ta reda på möjligheter och svårigheter med programmering i bildämnet. De frågeställningar min studie ämnar besvara är

    Hur beskriver och förhåller sig läraren till programmering i bildämnet?, Vilka möjligheter och utmaningar ser läraren på skolan med programmering i bildundervisningen? och Hur lägger läraren upp sin undervisning? Studien behandlas utifrån dessa frågeställningar i kombination med det multimodala perspektivet och det designteoretiska perspektivet. Undersökningen visar på de intervjuade lärarnas förhållningssätt till programmering i bildämnet och exempel på hur de använder och arbetar med programmering. Resultatet visar bland annat att de intervjuade lärarna ser positivt på programmering i bildämnet men att den egna kunskapen om programmering är något som måste utvecklas för att kunna bedriva en bra undervisning.

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  • 343.
    Ahnberg Åsenius, Elisabeth
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies.
    Kostela, Johan
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies.
    Messing, Jan
    Metallindustrin i Sverige 2007-20112013Report (Other academic)
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  • 344.
    Aho, Erika
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Educational Work. Karlstads universitet.
    Språkintroduktion som mellanrum: Nyanlända gymnasieelevers erfarenheter av ett introduktionsprogram2018Licentiate thesis, monograph (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Den här licentiatuppsatsen behandlar berättade erfarenheter av att vara elev på Språkintroduktion. Programmet är ett av fem introduktionsprogram i den svenska gymnasieskolan och tar emot nyanlända ungdomar i åldrarna 16 till 19 år. Utbildningen på Språkintroduktion har en tyngdpunkt på svenska språket samt andra ämnen som eleverna har behov av att studera. Sålunda ska undervisningen organiseras utifrån varje elevs förutsättningar och behov.

    Studien bygger på intervjuer med språkintroduktionselever. Analysen fokuserar följaktligen 22 elevers berättade erfarenheter av att vara elever på Språkintroduktion. Elevernas berättelser blir ett sätt att förstå hur deras erfarenheter av programmet flätas samman med tidigare skol- och arbetslivserfarenheter liksom med tankar om framtiden.

    I resultaten presenteras tre teman som framträder i berättelserna.  Det första temat gäller samtliga elever och behandlar erfarenheten av att inte kunna svenska. Det andra temat innefattar vissa elever och synliggör två elevidentiteter som särskilt framträder. Den första av dem handlar om att gå från att vara en högpresterande elev till att vara nybörjare och den andra om att gå från att vara en elev med kort eller ingen skolbakgrund till att äntligen vara elev. Slutligen handlar det tredje temat om hur Språkintroduktion tar form som ett mellanrum.

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  • 345.
    Aho, Erika
    et al.
    Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för pedagogiska studier (from 2013).
    Henriksson Persson, Anna
    Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för pedagogiska studier (from 2013).
    Larsson, Maria
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Educational Work. Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för pedagogiska studier (from 2013).
    Skolnära – ett skolnära begrepp?2016In: Kapet (avslutad tryckt version), ISSN 1653-4743, Vol. 12, no 1, p. 116-134Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [sv]

    Skolnära kan beskrivas som ett relativt nytt begrepp inom utbildning och forskning med skolanknytning. Det förekommer ofta i sammanhang där det tycks finnas en ambition att knyta skola och forskning närmare varandra. Det kan till exempel handla om olika forskarskolor, skolforskning och skolutvecklingsprojekt. Dock finns ingen enhetlig definition av begreppet utan det används parallellt med och i vissa fall synonymt med begreppen praktiknära och praxisnära. Syftet med denna artikel är att bidra till en problematisering av begreppet skolnära med fokus på såväl innebörder som användningsområden. Utifrån studier av olika typer av texter belyses hur begreppet skolnära används inom skolforskning och i andra utbildningsvetenskapliga sammanhang idag. Begreppet skolnära ser ut att uppkomma i samband med framväxten av forskarutbildningsämnet pedagogiskt arbete men återfinns idag även inom andra forskarutbildningsämnen. Till exempel kan en ”skolnära avhandling” vara skriven inom pedagogik eller något ämnesdidaktiskt ämne. Vad det innebär att forskningen är skolnära tycks ha skiftande innebörd och avgränsning i olika sammanhang. Det kan till exempel handla om huruvida forskningen bedrivs av eller för lärare. Begreppet används också inom skolvärlden i ett vidare perspektiv.

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  • 346.
    Aho, Mikaela
    Dalarna University, School of Technology and Business Studies, Human Resource Management.
    Vad är attraktivt arbete för personalen på ett vård-, och omsorgsföretag?2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    A common problem in the geriatric care is that it is difficult to recruit staff with the right

    qualifications. The number of unqualified increases in the industry despite a striving to have

    more people who are qualified. Research shows that the need for qualified people in the

    industry is increasing and the number of people studying to be nurses decreases. To attract

    employees requires that the company is considered to be attractive from the employees' point

    of view and also from a prospective employee's point of view. To study the problem, this

    survey has been made on one of the leading companies in the industry and the intention was

    to study whether the employees' view of attractive work was consistent with what their

    managers thought that their employees considered as attractive work.

    The survey was made on four different units through a questionnaire that employees have

    responded and the unit’s managers have been interviewed. The results of the survey showed

    that the manager’s view of attractive work was consistent with the employees' view of

    attractive work to a certain extent. Regional manager and assistant regional manager had a

    deeper understanding of what parts fail to appear as attractive employers

  • 347.
    Aho, Petra
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Educational Work.
    Cultural Deficit Perspective in the EFL Classroom: Teachers’ choice of Perspective in Swedish grades 4-6 Multilingual Classrooms2019Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 348.
    Ahokas, Anna
    Dalarna University, School of Language, Literatures and Learning.
    ”Viktigast att kunna prata. Lättare att skaffa vänner då.”: Nyanlända elevers upplevelser av undervisning på en mottagningsenhet2023Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Studien har genom kvalitativa semi-strukturerade intervjuer studerat yngre nyanlända elevers upplevelser av undervisning och social tillhörighet. Studiens specifika syfte är att undersöka upplevelser av undervisning och social tillhörighet, hos nyanlända elever i årskurs 4–6, under deras tid i en förberedande klass på en mottagningsenhet.

    Studien utgår från en fenomenologisk och hermeneutisk ansats eftersom den bygger på analyser och tolkningar av nyanlända elevers egna upplevelser av undervisning. Studien har också ett sociokulturellt perspektiv på andraspråksinlärning som utgångspunkt.

    I studien intervjuades sju nyanlända elever i årskurs 4–6. När intervjuerna transkriberats analyserades de och därefter gjordes en kategorisering av olika teman som tillsammans med studiens frågeställningar utgjorde grunden till studiens resultat.

    I resultatet framkommer bland annat att samtliga intervjuade elever uppskattade tiden i den förberedande klassen och ansåg det vara bra att ha påbörjat sin första tid i svenskskola där. Samtliga elever beskriver det också som positivt att få undervisning i olika ämnen i den förberedande klassen men svenska bör fokuseras på säger flertalet elever. Alla elever säger att de hade önskat utökad svenska i den förberedande klassen, dels genom fler lektioner i ämnet svenska, dels genom att tala mer svenska på lektionerna. Eleverna uttrycker ett särskilt behov av att arbeta mer med muntliga övningar. Just muntlig förmåga är också det som eleverna säger vara det viktigaste att lära sig i det svenska språket under den första tiden i svensk skola. De ämnen som eleverna säger vara viktigast att lära sig den inledande tiden är svenska och engelska. Dessa två ämnen ses som basämnen och är viktiga att kunna för att kommunicera med andra människor. Angående sociala förmågor i svenska önskar samtliga elever att de hade fått mer explicit undervisning om fasta fraser samt fått träna på dialoger som de hade kunnat använda vid kommunikation med jämnåriga.

    Sammanfattningsvis visar studien att de nyanlända eleverna som intervjuats är positiva till sin tid i den förberedande klassen på mottagningsenheten vilket stämmer väl överens med elevers åsikter i tidigare presenterad forskning. 

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  • 349.
    Ahola, Malin
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Social Work.
    Sundell, Annika
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Social Work.
    "Vi jobbar inte med själva barnen": En kvalitativ intervjustudie av socialsekreterares beaktande av barnperspektivet i ekonomiskt bistånd2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of the essay is to investigate how the child perspective is taken into consideration in the social services' management of financial assistance. The method used is a qualitative interview study. Six social workers within financial assistance have been interviewed. The study is based on the theory of discretion, and is of relevance to social work since children in families who receive financial assistance constitute a vulnerable group who is at risk of ending socially vulnerable even in adulthood.

    The results of the study show that most of the social workers perceive the child perspective as unclear. The study also shows that children tend to be invisible in financial assistance, and that the social workers perceive that they do not have sufficient conditions to work from a child perspective. The study further shows that most of the social workers have a request to work more from a child perspective.

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  • 350.
    Ahola, Olli
    Dalarna University, School of Humanities and Media Studies, Moving Image Production.
    Den moraliskt tvetydiga karaktären: En analys av Tony Sopranos karaktärsbåge i The Sopranos2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Paradoxen i den hyllade karaktären Tony Sopranos obefintliga karaktärsutveckling skapar ett intresse i att undersöka karaktärens så kallade båge i serien The Sopranos. Undersökningen uträttas med syftet att belysa vad som utgör tittarengagemang för serien och dess protagonist, trots avsaknaden av en för protagonisten och vidare serien viktig dramaturgisk huvudkomponent. En hypotes som drivs kommer i analysen av utvalda scener ur serien att visa hur olika berättarelement tillsammans tillåter en möjlig självutveckling för tittaren. Denna möjlighet till självutveckling och en så kallad moralisk mekanism utgör i slutändan det som skapar tittarengagemang för serien The Sopranos och dess moraliskt tvetydiga karaktär Tony Soprano.

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