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Två regeringar – ett språk?: Symboliska och moraliska uttryck i svensk kriminalpolitik
Dalarna University, School of Culture and Society.
Dalarna University, School of Culture and Society.
2026 (Swedish)Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesisAlternative title
Two governments – one language? : Symbolic and moral expressions in swedish criminal policy (English)
Abstract [en]

This study examines how criminal policy reforms are linguistically legitimised in Swedish government bills during the period 2018–2025. Drawing on theories of symbolic politics and penal populism, it conducts a qualitative, theory-driven text analysis of four criminal policy bills from two governments: the Löfven/Andersson government (2018–2022) and the Kristersson government (2022–2025). 

Aiming to analyse how criminal policy problems and threat images are constructed, which legitimising strategies dominate the bills, and to what extent similarities and differences between government periods can be understood as expressions of depoliticisation within criminal policy. The analysis is based on four ideal-typical categories —moralising, expert-oriented, symbolic, and instrumental—organised along two analytical dimensions: moralising versus expert-oriented legitimation, and symbolic versus instrumental criminal policy. 

The findings show that criminal policy problems are primarily framed as serious societal threats related to security, public order, and the rule of law. Reform proposals are mainly legitimised through expert-oriented and instrumental language, through references to legal principles, expert assessments, and procedures. Symbolic expressions mainly serve a framing function, while explicitly moralising language is limited. 

Despite differences in political leadership, the analysed bills display substantial similarities in legitimising patterns. This suggests a shared criminal policy discourse at the level of government bills, in which ideological distinctions are downplayed in favour of a formalised and institutional mode of justification. The study contributes to a clearer understanding of how criminal policy is legitimised in the legislative process and how depoliticisation may be articulated through language in formal policy documents.

Abstract [sv]

Denna studie analyserar hur kriminalpolitiska reformer legitimeras språkligt i svenska regeringspropositioner under perioden 2018–2025. Med utgångspunkt i teorier om symbolpolitik och penal populism genomförs en kvalitativ, teoridriven textanalys av fyra kriminalpolitiska propositioner från två regeringsperioder: regeringen Löfven/Andersson (2018–2022) och regeringen Kristersson (2022–2025).

Syftet är att undersöka hur kriminalpolitiska problem och hotbilder representeras, vilka språkliga legitimeringsstrategier som dominerar, samt i vilken mån likheter och skillnader mellan regeringsperioderna kan förstås som uttryck för en avideologisering av kriminalpolitiken. Analysen baseras på fyra idealtypiska uttryck: moraliserande, expertorienterade, symboliska och instrumentella uttryck, vilka relateras till två analytiska dimensioner – moraliserande kontra expertorienterad legitimering samt symbolisk kontra instrumentell kriminalpolitik.

Resultaten visar att kriminalpolitiska problem i huvudsak konstrueras som allvarliga samhällshot kopplade till trygghet, ordning och rättsstatens funktion. Legitimeringen av reformer präglas framför allt av expertorienterade och instrumentella uttryck, där hänvisningar till rättsliga principer, myndighetsbedömningar och genomförandelogik dominerar. Symboliska uttryck förekommer främst som inramande element, medan explicit moraliserande språk är begränsat och selektivt förekommande.

Trots olika politiska majoriteter uppvisar propositionerna betydande likheter i legitimeringsmönster. Dessa resultat indikerar en gemensam kriminalpolitisk diskurs på propositionsnivå, där ideologiska skiljelinjer tonas ned till förmån för ett formaliserat och institutionellt språkbruk. Studien bidrar därmed till en fördjupad förståelse av hur kriminalpolitik legitimeras i den lagstiftande processen och hur avideologisering kan ta sig språkliga uttryck i formella politiska texter.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2026.
Keywords [en]
Criminal policy, symbolic politics, penal populism, government bills, political legitimacy, qualitative text analysis
Keywords [sv]
Kriminalpolitik, Symbolpolitik, Penal populism, Regeringspropositioner, Politisk legitimitet, Kvalitativ textanalys
National Category
Political Science (Excluding Peace and Conflict Studies)
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:du-53712OAI: oai:DiVA.org:du-53712DiVA, id: diva2:2062040
Subject / course
Political Science
Available from: 2026-05-25 Created: 2026-05-25

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Citation style
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