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Development of a menopause-specific questionnaire: Content and face validation using a modified Delphi technique
Dalarna University, School of Health and Welfare, Care Sciences.ORCID iD: 0009-0000-0794-2242
Dalarna University, School of Health and Welfare, Social Work.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2853-0575
Dalarna University, School of Health and Welfare, Sexual Reproductive Perinatal Health.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6910-7047
2026 (English)In: Women's health., ISSN 1745-5057, E-ISSN 1745-5065, Vol. 22, article id 17455057261476566Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Background Menopause is a universal life stage, yet many women face persistent knowledge gaps, misconceptions, and unequal access to care. Existing instruments assess isolated aspects of menopause but do not capture women's access to the conditions necessary for making informed choices about their health.

Objective The aim of this study was to develop and establish content and face validity of a menopause-specific questionnaire designed to assess women's access to the preconditions for making informed choices about their health during the menopausal transition and beyond, using a modified Delphi technique.

Design A modified Delphi study.

Methods Five Delphi rounds were conducted in 2025 involving an expert group (n = 9), a Public and Patient Involvement (PPI) group (n = 7), and a pilot test group (n = 48). Experts reviewed and refined an initial 39-item draft, the PPI group assessed face validity and readability, and experts conducted item prioritization using predefined consensus thresholds. Pilot testing evaluated usability and respondent burden. Final consensus required ≥80% expert agreement. The study followed CREDES guidelines.

Results Following content and face validation, the final instrument comprised 29 items. Expert review informed revisions to terminology, neutrality of menopausal hormone therapy items, and language accessibility. PPI contributors highlighted readability challenges and supported clearer wording. Nine items were removed, five merged into two, and one item added. Pilot testing confirmed acceptable usability and respondent burden. Final expert consensus reached 87.5%.

Conclusion A consensus-based, user-informed questionnaire was developed, following content and face validation, to assess women's access to conditions for informed choice during menopause. The instrument may support the identification of barriers and facilitators to informed decision-making in menopause-related care and research.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2026. Vol. 22, article id 17455057261476566
Keywords [en]
Delphi method; health literacy; informed choice; menopausal hormone therapy; menopause; questionnaire development; women’s health. Plain language summary
National Category
Public Health, Global Health and Social Medicine Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine Nursing
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:du-54355DOI: 10.1177/17455057261476566ISI: 001839790600001PubMedID: 42549669Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105046514391OAI: oai:DiVA.org:du-54355DiVA, id: diva2:2090007
Available from: 2026-08-05 Created: 2026-08-05 Last updated: 2026-08-27Bibliographically approved

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Calvin, AmandaUdo, CamillaErlandsson, Kerstin

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Public Health, Global Health and Social MedicineGynaecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive MedicineNursing

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CiteExportLink to record
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Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • chicago-author-date
  • chicago-note-bibliography
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf