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Modeling microstructure evolution in a martensitic stainless steel subjected to hot working using a physically based model
Dalarna University, School of Technology and Business Studies, Materials Technology. KTH Royal Institute of Technology.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3812-5285
Dalarna University, School of Technology and Business Studies, Materials Technology.
KTH Royal Institute of Technology.
2019 (English)In: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions. A, ISSN 1073-5623, E-ISSN 1543-1940, Vol. 50, no 3, p. 1480-1488Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The microstructure evolution of a martensitic Stainless steel subjected to hot compression is simulated with a physically based model. The model is based on coupled sets of evolution equations for dislocations, vacancies, recrystallization and grain growth. The advantage of this model is that with only a few experiments, the material dependent parameters of the model can be calibrated and used for a new alloy in any deformation condition. The experimental data of this work is obtained from a series of hot compression, and subsequent stress relaxation tests performed in a Gleeble thermo-mechanical simulator. These tests are carried out at various temperatures ranging from 900 to 1200⁰C, strains up to 0.7 and strain rates of 0.01, 1 and 10 s-1. The grain growth, flow stress, and stress relaxations are simulated by finding reasonable values for model parameters. The flow stress data obtained at the strain rate of 10 s-1 were used to calibrate the model parameters and the predictions of the model for the lower strain rates were quite satisfactory. An assumption in the model is that the structure of second phase particles does not change during the short time of deformation. The results show a satisfactory agreement between the experimental data and simulated flow stress, as well as less than 5% difference for grain growth simulations and predicting the dominant softening mechanisms during stress relaxation according to the strain rates and temperatures under deformation.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2019. Vol. 50, no 3, p. 1480-1488
Keywords [en]
Modeling, Dislocation density, Flow Stress, Grain Growth, Recrystallization, Hot Compression, Martensitic Stainless Steel
National Category
Metallurgy and Metallic Materials Manufacturing, Surface and Joining Technology
Research subject
Research Profiles 2009-2020, Steel Forming and Surface Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:du-29041DOI: 10.1007/s11661-018-5073-6ISI: 000457551800036Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85058849719OAI: oai:DiVA.org:du-29041DiVA, id: diva2:1269459
Available from: 2018-12-10 Created: 2018-12-10 Last updated: 2025-10-09Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Modeling the Microstructure Evolution During and After Hot Working in Martensitic Steel
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Modeling the Microstructure Evolution During and After Hot Working in Martensitic Steel
2021 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

In this study, the goal is to predict the microstructure evolution during and after the hot working of a martensitic stainless steel with 13% chromium using a physically-based model in the form of a MATLAB toolbox. This model is based on dislocation density theory and consists of coupled sets of evolution equations for dislocation, vacancies, recovery, recrystallization, and grain growth.

The focus in this work is on the flow stress calculation and the effect of second phase particles on the strengthening mechanisms in the material at elevated temperatures. Recovery and recrystallization are also studied for this alloy during deformation and following stress relaxation.

The experimental part of this work was performed with a Gleeble thermo-mechanical simulator over the temperature range of 850 to 1200°C. Samples were investigated later by a light optical microscope (LOM) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope (EDS). Hardness test and phase isolation were also performed on the samples and the results are compared with the modeling results.

The model can satisfactorily predict the grain growth, recovery, recrystallization, and flow stress for this alloy. Further investigation on the second phase particles showed that the measured mean size of carbides has a good agreement with what is obtained from the model and the hardness values. On the other hand, the modeled volume fraction of the carbides followed a slightly different trend comparing to hardness values, and phase isolation results at temperatures higher than 1000°C. Additionally, the Ms temperature and fraction of the martensite phase are calculated for quenched samples where the results are following the measured hardness values.

Finally, the Zener-Hollomon parameter (Z) and its relation to the flow stress and the activation energy for deformation are defined. The dynamic recrystallization (DRX) kinetic is modeled and the fraction DRX was calculated at various temperatures and strain rates for this alloy.

Abstract [sv]

I denna studie är målet att förutsäga mikrostrukturutvecklingen under och efter varmbearbetning i ett martensitiskt rostfritt stål med 13 % krom med hjälp av en fysisk baserad modell i form av en MATLAB verktygslåda. Denna modell är baserad på en teori för dislokationstäthet och bestårav kopplade uppsättningar av evolutionsekvationer för dislokation, vakanser, återhämtning, rekristallisation och kornstillväxt. Fokus i detta arbete är beräkning av flytespänningen och effekten av sekundärfaspartiklar på härdningsmekanismerna i materialet vid höga temperaturer. Återhämtning och rekristallisation studeras också för denna legering under deformation och efter spänningsrelaxation.

Den experimentella delen av detta arbete utfördes med en Gleeble termomekanisk simulator inom temperaturområdet 850 till 1200°C. Proverna undersöktes senare med ett ljust optiskt mikroskop (LOM) och svepelektronmikroskop(SEM) utrustad med energidispersiv spektroskopi (EDS). Hårdhetstest och fasisolering utfördes också på proverna och resultaten jämförs med modelleringsresultaten.

Modellen på ett tillfredsställande sätt kan förutsäga korntillväxt, återhämtning, rekristallisation och flytspänningen för denna legering. Vidare undersökning av partiklarna i sekundärfasen visade att den uppmätta medelstorleken för karbider har bra överensstämmelse med vad som erhålls från modellen och hårdhetsvärdena. Den modellerade volymfraktionen av karbiderna följde en något annorlunda trend vid temperaturerna högre än 1000°C jämfört med hårdhetsvärden och fasisoleringsresultat. Dessutom beräknas Ms temperaturen och fraktionen av martensitfasen för släckta prover där resultaten följer de uppmätta hårdhetsvärdena.

Slutligen definieras Zener-Hollomon-parametern (Z) och dess förhållande till flytspänningen och aktiveringsenergin för deformation. Den kinetiska dynamiska rekristallisation (DRX) modelleras och fraktionen DRX beräknades vidolika temperaturer och töjningshastigheter för denna legering.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Sweden, Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2021. p. 44
Keywords
Modeling, Martensitic steel, Carbides, Carbide size distribution, Carbide volume fraction, Carbide shape factor, Modellering, Martensitiskt stål, karbider, karbidstorleksfördelning, karbidvolymfraktion, karbidformfaktor
National Category
Materials Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:du-35570 (URN)978-91-7873-732-1 (ISBN)
Presentation
2021-01-22, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2020-12-07 Created: 2020-12-06 Last updated: 2025-10-09Bibliographically approved

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Safara Nosar, NimaEngberg, Göran

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