The aim of the paper is to raise questions about loyalty, whistleblowing and transparency in public organisations. In the first part we present the picture of a new form of loyalty in working life. A so called rational loyalty is replacing the traditional autocratic loyalty due to development in society and the legal framework, as presented by Wim Vandekerckhove (2006: 124-134). This development is supporting acts of whistleblowing. However, in the paper we argue that the picture is much more complex and whistleblowing is often hindered in practise in spite of developments in organisational policies and law. Therefore, we would also like to discuss if increased organisational transparency can promote more ethical behaviour and whistleblowing in public organisations. In the second part of the paper we discuss the prerequisites for rational loyalty in the Swedish public sector. We present different kinds of loyalty forms, which can be seen as counterforces to rational loyalty, whistleblowing and transparency at workplaces in the public sector.