This master's thesis delves into the Arctic foreign policies of Russia, China, and the United States, examining the role of realism and geopolitical considerations in shaping their strategies, especially regarding emerging shipping routes. The research question aims to understand how these nations' Arctic foreign policies embody realism principles and pursue geopolitical benefits, as well as the ways in which these policies may exacerbate or alleviate potential tensions in the region. Utilizing a combination of comparative analysis, content analysis, and amost different system design, this study offers a thorough evaluation of the Arctic foreign policies of these major world powers as they pertain to new shipping routes. The findings reveal notable distinctions in China's, Russia's, and the United States' Arctic policies with respect to the shipping routes, each pursuing unique approaches to secure geopolitical advantages and manage potential regional disputes. The key distinctions in geopolitical advantages include Russia's focus on expanding its Arctic military presence and infrastructure, China's pursuit of the Polar Silk Road as part of its broader Belt and Road Initiative, and the United States'emphasis on ensuring freedom of navigation and promoting cooperation with Arctic allies.These differences reflect varying priorities, strategic interests, and approaches to managing regional dynamics. In conclusion, this thesis underscores the importance of recognizing these differences and their implications for Arctic governance. It provides valuable insights for future policymaking and regional collaboration, addressing common challenges within the rapidly evolving Arctic landscape.