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What is person-centred care in Swedish ambulance service?: A qualitative exploratory study
Dalarna University, School of Health and Welfare, Care Sciences. Dalarna University, School of Health and Welfare, Caring Science/Nursing. Örebro Universitet, Örebro.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9376-1156
Dalarna University, School of Health and Welfare, Medical Science. Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0581-2895
Region Stockholm, Stockholm; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
Dalarna University, School of Health and Welfare, Caring Science/Nursing.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3114-5846
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2024 (English)In: International Emergency Nursing, ISSN 1755-599X, E-ISSN 1878-013X, Vol. 77, article id 101529Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Introduction: Healthcare in Sweden is moving towards a more person-centred approach in which patients are respected as capable individuals with unique needs. Partnership, the co-creation of health plans, and documentation are core components of this approach. The ambulance service is medical- and task-oriented, possibly placing it in conflict with the goals of person-centred care (PCC).

Aim: To explore how nurses in the Swedish ambulance service describe PCC.

Method: A qualitative interview study with eight nurses who served as facilitators for implementing ambulance PCC. Data was analysed using content analysis.

Findings: The analysis resulted in the main category Ambulance PCC is diffuse but applicable and in the three categories: Do good based on an ethical approach, Assemble the patient's narrative from multiple sources and Create and agree on a plan.

Conclusion: Ambulance PCC is perceived as a diffuse concept, with unclear translation into practice. The findings highlight the need to determine appropriate levels of care, manage technical equipment without disrupting communication and embody attributes such as calmness and empathy. Despite its ambiguity, ambulance PCC was seen as applicable across all care stages, although requiring adjustments based on urgency, individual circumstances and care setting.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2024. Vol. 77, article id 101529
Keywords [en]
Ambulance care, Ambulance nurse, Ambulance service, Person-centred care, Qualitative content analysis
National Category
Nursing
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:du-49735DOI: 10.1016/j.ienj.2024.101529ISI: 001350578100001PubMedID: 39499980Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85208027032OAI: oai:DiVA.org:du-49735DiVA, id: diva2:1916364
Available from: 2024-11-27 Created: 2024-11-27 Last updated: 2025-10-09Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Personcentrerad vård på väg: Facilitering som stöd för implementering av en personcentrerad ambulanssjukvård
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Personcentrerad vård på väg: Facilitering som stöd för implementering av en personcentrerad ambulanssjukvård
2025 (Swedish)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Alternative title[en]
Person-centered care on the move : Facilitation to support the implementation of person-centered ambulance care
Abstract [en]

In many countries globally, Integrated Care is a key focus, known in Sweden as Good Quality, Local Health Care (Nära vård). Within Good Quality, Local Health Care, ambulance service is described as having an important role and Person-Centered Care (PCC) is a central component. Research shows that there is a need for increased person-centeredness within the ambulance service, while there is also uncertainty about what PCC means – both in general and specifically within ambulance service – as well as how its implementation can be supported. To introduce PCC, changes in working methods are required, which in turn necessitate structured support and guidance. Previous research has identified facilitation as a potentially beneficial strategy to support such implementation processes. Therefore, this thesis aimed to increase knowledge about how PCC can be operationalized and integrated into the ambulance service, using facilitation as the overarching implementation strategy.

An intervention study was conducted at four ambulance stations in Sweden, where eight nurses were selected and trained to act as facilitators with the responsibility to support the implementation of PCC. Study I explored how the facilitators described PCC in the ambulance service through an interview study with an inductive approach. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Study II evaluated how PCC was integrated into the daily work of the ambulance personnel. The study was conducted with a deductive approach, using Normalization Process Theory as a theoretical framework. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed with qualitative content analysis.

The findings show that PCC was perceived as an ethical approach that was difficult to operationalize and implement in the ambulance service. The facilitators described PCC as a vague concept but also identified opportunities to work more person-centered. However, the implementation efforts did not lead to a successful integration of PCC. The reasons included a lack of shared understanding and various approaches to PCC among the ambulance personnel, insufficient leadership support, and scarce evaluation of the implementation work. Another challenge was the Covid-19 pandemic, which changed priorities within the ambulance service.

Overall, this thesis shows that PCC has potential within the ambulance service, but no actual integration took place within the actual study. For lasting change, stronger organizational support and better conditions for ambulance personnel to work according to PCC principles are necessary.

Abstract [sv]

Ambulanssjukvården spelar en central roll i omställningen till Nära vård, där personcentrerad vård (PCV) är en grundläggande komponent. Forskning visar att det finns ett behov av ökad personcentrering inom ambulanssjukvården, samtidigt som det råder osäkerhet kring vad PCV innebär – både generellt och specifikt inom denna vårdkontext – samt hur dess implementering kan stödjas. För att införa PCV krävs förändringar i arbetsmetoder, vilket i sin tur förutsätter strukturerat stöd och vägledning. Tidigare forskning har identifierat facilitering som en möjlig strategi för att stödja sådana implementeringsprocesser. Det övergripande syftet med denna licentiatuppsats var därför att öka kunskapen om hur PCV kan operationaliseras och integreras i ambulanssjukvården, med facilitering som övergripande implementeringsstrategi.

En interventionsstudie genomfördes vid fyra ambulansstationer i Sverige, där åtta sjuksköterskor utsågs och tränades för rollen som faciliterare med uppdraget att stödja implementeringen av PCV inom ambulanssjukvården.

Delstudie I utforskade hur faciliterarna beskrev PCV i ambulanssjukvården genom en intervjustudie med induktiv ansats. Intervjuerna transkriberades och analyseras med kvalitativ innehållsanalys.

Delstudie II fokuserade på hur PCV integrerades i ambulanspersonalens dagliga arbete. Studien genomfördes med en deduktiv ansats där Normalization Process Theory användes som teoretiskt ramverk. Intervjuerna transkriberades och analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys.

Fynden visar att PCV uppfattas som ett etiskt förhållningssätt som är svår att operationalisera och implementera i ambulanssjukvården. Faciliterarna beskrev PCV som ett diffust begrepp men identifierade möjligheter att arbeta mer personcentrerat. Trots detta ledde facilitering som implementeringsstrategi inte till en varaktig integrering av PCV. Orsakerna inkluderade att ambulanspersonalen hade en bristande samsyn kring PCV, olika förhållningssätt till implementeringen, bristande stöd och utvärdering. En ytterligare utmaning var Covid-19-pandemin, som förändrade prioriteringarna inom ambulanssjukvården.

Sammantaget visar denna licentiatuppsats att PCV har potential inom ambulanssjukvården, men att någon egentlig integrering inte skedde inom ramen för studien. För en varaktig förändring krävs starkare organisatoriskt stöd och bättre förutsättningar för ambulanspersonalen att arbeta med PCV.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Falun: Dalarna University, 2025
Series
Dalarna Licentiate Theses ; 25
Keywords
Ambulance service, Facilitation, Implementation, Normalization Process Theory, Person-centered care, Qualitative study, Ambulanssjukvård, Facilitering, Implementering, Kvalitativ studie, Normalization Process Theory, Personcentrerad vård
National Category
Nursing
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:du-50389 (URN)978-91-88679-93-2 (ISBN)
Presentation
2025-06-12, lecture hall F135, campus Falun and online, 09:00 (Swedish)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2025-05-13 Created: 2025-03-27 Last updated: 2025-10-09Bibliographically approved

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Jacobsen, AmandaTistad, MalinHörberg, AnnaWallin, Lars

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