Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE credits
Background: Sex work, also referred to as one of the oldest professions in the world, has existed in every civilization, with different levels of acceptance or rejection depending on socio-economic, cultural, and legal factors. Criminalisation has, globally, been associated with increased risks and sex worker barriers, including stigma and reduced access to health care, while decriminalisation is, in the view of some, a model that can potentially be followed to bring about increased safety, improved health, and protection of sex workers rights.
Aim and Objectives: The present thesis aims to critically review literature on the impact of decriminalisation of sex work on health and wellbeing of sex workers, specifically focusing on the benefits, challenges, and social effects of such policy changes viewed through the perspective of sex workers.
Methodology: A qualitative meta-synthesis was conducted using thematic synthesis to systematically review 15 peer-reviewed studies sourced from PubMed, Web of Science, and Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA).
Results: This qualitative meta-synthesis reflected sex workers’ subjective experience in decriminalised settings. Decriminalisation was associated with decreased perceived risk of prosecution, greater access to healthcare, greater autonomy in work, and greater legal protection. There were ongoing fears around victimisation. Stigma was pervasive, affecting sex workers personal relationships, emotional, mental and social wellbeing. Peer-based advocacy organisations, were instrumental supports in reducing stigma, improving access to health services, and the overall well-being of a sex worker.
Conclusion: While decriminalisation builds on important positive effects for sexworkers, decriminalisation is not a stand-alone solution. Effective influence depends on investment in the individual needs of a sex worker, support infrastructure, compliance with policy and community action, such that, the comprehensive attainment of benefits that result from policy changes is secure and sustainable.
2025.