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Exclusionary Inclusion: A Critical Analysis of a Portuguese Governmental Policy Document on Gender-Inclusive Language
Dalarna University, School of Language, Literatures and Learning.
2025 (English)Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
Abstract [en]

This thesis applies a Critical Discourse Analysis to examine an inclusive language manual published by Portugal's Economic and Social Council (CES) in 2021, analyzing how the policy document approaches gender inclusivity within the nation's broader equality strategy (ENIND 2018-2030). The study seeks to investigate whether the CES manual can truly challenge the traditional gender norms inherent to European Portuguese, and to what extent non-normative gender identities are recognized within its inclusive aims.

The analysis reveals several systematic inconsistencies in the manual's handling of its stated goals. Namely related to its conceptual understanding of gender equality, framing gender as a biological essentialist fact. With its proposed solutions in how the language can become more inclusive being anchored in outdated sources and practices that fails to actually dismantle the very gender hierarchies it claims to challenge. Counteractively, the analysis demonstrates the manual's deployment of inclusive language as a mechanism for reinforcing traditional gender hierarchies, effectively rendering women and gender queer identities as either linguistically secondary or fundamentally invisible.

The study concludes that the CES manual functions as a symbolic tool of inclusion, presenting linguistic recommendations that may appear progressive at a distance but upon closer scrutiny fundamentally reinforce normative gender structures. The findings seemingly fit into a bigger normative echo chamber that the Portuguese government is currently operating within. Where the country's inclusion efforts systematically exclude those who don't fit into the binary framework of a gender and cis-normative society.  

Abstract [pt]

Esta tese aplica uma Análise Crítica do Discurso para examinar o Manual de Linguagem Inclusiva publicado pelo Conselho Económico e Social (CES) de Portugal em 2021, analisando de que forma o documento aborda a inclusão de género no contexto mais amplo da Estratégia Nacional para a Igualdade e a Não Discriminação (ENIND 2018-2030). O estudo procura investigar até que ponto o manual do CES é capaz de desafiar as normas tradicionais de género inerentes à língua portuguesa e em que medida as identidades de género não normativas são reconhecidas nas suas propostas de inclusão.

A análise revela vários inconsequências na forma como o manual aborda os seus objetivos declarados, nomeadamente no que diz respeito à sua compreensão conceptual da igualdade de género, tratando o género como um facto essencialista e biológico. As soluções propostas para tornar a linguagem mais inclusiva baseiam-se em fontes e práticas desatualizadas, falhando em desmantelar as hierarquias de género que afirmam querer combater. Pelo contrário, a análise demonstra que o manual utiliza a linguagem inclusiva como um mecanismo para reforçar as hierarquias tradicionais de género, reduzindo as mulheres e pessoas queer a uma posição secundária ou mesmo à invisibilidade linguística. 

O estudo conclui que o manual do CES funciona como um instrumento simbólico de inclusão, apresentando recomendações linguísticas que podem parecer progressistas à distância, mas que, sob uma análise mais aprofundada, acabam por reforçar estruturas normativas de género. Estes resultados parecem refletir um padrão mais amplo no contexto português, onde os esforços institucionais de inclusão continuam a excluir sistematicamente quem não se enquadra no quadro binário de género e na norma cisgénero.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2025.
Keywords [en]
Gender-inclusive language, Gender fair language, Portuguese language policy, Gender inclusivity, LGBTQ+ rights in Portugal, Queer linguistics, ENIND.
National Category
Comparative Language Studies and Linguistics Gender Studies
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:du-50939OAI: oai:DiVA.org:du-50939DiVA, id: diva2:1986234
Subject / course
Portuguese
Available from: 2025-07-30 Created: 2025-07-30 Last updated: 2025-10-09

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Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
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More styles
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