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BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Self-efficacy is essential for medical staff to manage challenges and maintain professional commitment. In Iran, high workloads, staff shortages, and limited mental health support may negatively affect self-efficacy and well-being. This study examines key factors influencing self-efficacy among Iranian medical staff.

METHODS: The survey included 411 Iranian medical staff in July 2024. The sample size was determined based on power analysis to ensure sufficient statistical power for detecting significant associations between self-efficacy and its related factors. Participants completed Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), and Social Support Indexes (SSI). Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and analytical tests (χ ², Pearson, correlation coefficient, and logistic regression) at a significance level less than 0.05.

RESULTS: The mean (SD) of general self-efficacy of staff was at a moderate level (22.55 ± 5.40). The mean (SD) of PSQI and SSI was 7.67 ± 4.46 and 29.80 ± 13.94, respectively, which indicates poor sleep quality and moderate social support. The mean (SD) of the general health of staff was 51.48 ± 03, which indicates that the general health of workers is at risk. Self-efficacy score was directly related to higher sleep quality (OR: 4.362, CI: 1.481-12.853, p = 0.008), general health quality physically (OR: 2.103, CI: 1.041-4.248, p = 0.038), less anxiety of general health quality (OR: 2.175, CI: 2.203-3.934, p = 0.010), and general social support (OR: 7.099, CI: 3.121-16.149, p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: This study identified poor sleep quality, moderate self-efficacy, low social support, and general health risks among Iranian medical staff. Given the positive association between self-efficacy and various well-being indicators, targeted interventions-such as mindfulness training, sleep hygiene programs, and social support initiatives-are recommended. Strengthening self-efficacy through institutional support and stress management strategies should be integrated into healthcare policies to promote a more resilient and effective workforce.