Somalia has experienced chronic insecurity and political instability for the past 3 decades. There has been concerted efforts from the domestic and international actors to stabilize and foster the creation of political system that serves all Somalis. Yet, fragmentation has been the socio-political norm since 1991, but the current scholarship is more focused on studying the institutional and political woes of federalism in Somalia, rather than the origin of the fragmentation. This study has used a theory-building process-tracing approach to tell the casual narrative that created fragmentation. The results show that there is not the usual single-track state formation, but in there are multiple state formations happening simultaneously in Somalia, and that is causing fragmentation.