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Sickness absence and concurrent low back and neck-shoulder pain: Results from the MUSIC-Norrtälje study
Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1697-9781
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2007 (English)In: European spine journal, ISSN 0940-6719, E-ISSN 1432-0932, Vol. 16, no 5, p. 631-638Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

In Sweden, musculoskeletal disorders, in particular low back disorders (LBD) and neck-shoulder disorders (NSD) constitute by far the most common disorders, causing sick leave and early retirement. Studies that compare sickness absence in individuals with LBD and individuals with NSD are lacking. Moreover, it is likely that having concurrent complaints from the low back region and the neck-shoulder region could influence sickness absence. The purpose of the present study was to explore potential differences in sickness absence and in long-term sickness absence during a 5-year period, 1995-2001, among individuals with (1) solely LBD, (2) solely NSD, and (3) concurrent LBD and NSD. The present study was based on 817 subjects from the MUSIC-Norrtälje study, whom were working at baseline and whom at both baseline and follow-up reported LBD and/or NSD. Three groups were identified based on pain and pain-related disability at both baseline and follow-up: (1) solely LBD, (2) solely NSD, and (3) concurrent LBD and NSD. Subjects who did not give consistent answers at both the baseline and follow-up occasions were assigned a fourth group: (4) migrating LBD/NSD. Two outcomes were analysed: (1) prevalence of sickness absence, and (2) long-term sickness absence among those with sickness absence days. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) for sickness absence in the different disorder groups, taking into account confounding factors such as gender, age and other non-musculoskeletal-related disorders. In the group concurrent LBD and NSD, 59% had been sickness absent between baseline and follow up, compared to 42% in the group solely LBD, 41% in the group solely NSD, and 46% in the group migrating LBD/NSD. No difference in sickness absence was found between the group solely LBD compared to the group solely NSD [OR 0.65 (0.36-1.17)]. The adjusted OR for sickness absence in the group concurrent LBD and NSD compared to subjects with solely LBD or solely NSD was [OR 1.69 (1.14-2.51)]. The adjusted OR for having long-term sickness absence was 2.48 (95% CI = 1.32-4.66) for the group concurrent LBD and NSD. In the present study, having concurrent LBD and NSD were associated with a higher risk for sickness absence and also long-term sickness absence. This suggests that, when research on sickness absence and return to work after a period of LBD or NSD is performed, it is important to take into consideration any concurrent pain from the other spinal region. The study also implies that spinal co-morbidity is an important factor to be considered by clinicians and occupational health providers in planning treatment, or in prevention of these disorders. © 2006 Springer-Verlag.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Verlag , 2007. Vol. 16, no 5, p. 631-638
Keywords [en]
absenteeism; adult; article; calculation; controlled study; female; follow up; groups by age; human; logistic regression analysis; low back pain; major clinical study; male; musculoskeletal disease; neck pain; prevalence; priority journal; risk; sex ratio; shoulder pain
National Category
Public Health, Global Health and Social Medicine
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:du-51765DOI: 10.1007/s00586-006-0152-6Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-34248577296OAI: oai:DiVA.org:du-51765DiVA, id: diva2:2014223
Available from: 2025-11-17 Created: 2025-11-17 Last updated: 2025-11-18Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Work and neck/shoulder pain: risk and prognostic factors
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Work and neck/shoulder pain: risk and prognostic factors
2006 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This thesis presents the results from a population-based cohort study on risk and prognostic factors for neck/shoulder pain. The four papers in the thesis were based on a four to six year follow-up of both the cases and the referents from the MUSIC-Norrtälje baseline study, n = 2329. The main goals of this thesis were 1) to identify work-related exposures involved in the onset, and 2) to identify work- related exposures of importance for the prognosis of neck/shoulder pain. 

In Paper I, the study group consisted of employed subjects who at baseline and follow-up reported consistently pain in either the neck/shoulder or low back region. Four groups were identified: solely neck/shoulder pain, solely low back pain, concurrent neck/shoulder and low back pain, and migrating neck/shoulder and low back pain, n = 817. The results showed that the odds ratio for sickness absence was 1.69 (95% CI = 1.32-4.66) for those with concurrent neck/shoulder and low back pain, compared to the group with solely neck/shoulder or solely low back pain. 

In Paper II, the study group consisted of employed subjects who had not sought medical care due to neck/shoulder pain at baseline, n = 1213. The results showed that 18% of the men and 29% of the women sought medical care due to neck/shoulder pain during the study period. For men, two single risk factors were identified. The relative risk (RR) for the onset of neck/shoulder pain was increased for manual handling > 50 N > 60 min / day (RR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.0-2.9), and for night work/shift work (RR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.0-2.8). Moreover, the RR increased with an increasing number of exposures (RRs between 1.7 and 4.8). For women, no risk factors were identified. 

In Paper III, the study group consisted of employed subjects with self-rated neck/shoulder pain at baseline, n = 803. The results showed that at the follow-up 44% of the men and 33% of the women had recovered. For subjects exposed to sitting > 75% of the working time, the relative chance for recovery (RC) was enhanced (RC = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.0-1.7), and hampered for those simultaneously exposed to at least two of the following three biomechanical exposures: manual handling > 50 N > 60 min / day, work with hands above shoulder level > 60 min / day, or work with vibrating tools > 30 min / day (RC = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.4-0.9). 

In Paper IV, the study group consisted of employed subjects who had sought medical care due to neck/shoulder or low back pain at baseline, n = 492. The aim was to study the effect of ergonomic interventions. The results showed that, in terms of pain intensity and pain-related disability, the prognosis for individuals who received educational worksite interventions was poorer than for those not receiving any interventions. The prognosis for individuals who received workplace interventions was similar to those not receiving any interventions. 

In conclusion, for men, work-related exposures influenced the onset of neck/shoulder pain, but no risk factors were identified for women. Work-related exposures influenced the prognosis, but ergonomic interventions were ineffective concerning the reduction in pain intensity and pain-related disability. 

Abstract [sv]

Denna avhandling presenterar resultat från en populationsbaserad kohortstudie om riskfaktorer och prognostiska faktorer för nacke/skulderbesvär. De fyra delarbeten baseras på en 4-6 års uppföljning av både fallen och referenter från MUSIC-Norrtälje studien, n = 2329. Huvudsyfte var att identifiera arbetsrelaterade faktorer som påverkar risken att drabbas och prognosen av nacke/skulderbesvär.

I det första delarbetet bestod studiepopulationen av personer i arbete som både vid baslinjen och uppföljningen hade besvär i nacke/skuldra eller ländrygg. Fyra grupper identifierades: enbart nacke/skulderbesvär, enbart ländryggsbesvär, samtidiga besvär i nacke/skuldra och ländrygg och migrerande besvär, n = 817. Resultaten visade att oddskvoten för förekomst av sjukskrivning under uppföljningstiden var 1.69 (95% CI = 1.32-4.66) för de med samtidiga besvär i nacke/skuldra och ländrygg jämfört med de med enbart nacke/skulder- och enbart ländryggsbesvär.

I det andra delarbetet bestod studiepopulationen av personer i arbete som vid baslinjen inte hade sökt vård på grund av nacke/skulderbesvär, n = 1213. Resultaten visade att under uppföljningstiden sökte 18 % av männen och 29 % av kvinnorna vård på grund av nacke/skulderbesvär. De exponeringar som innebar en ökad relativ risk (RR) att drabbas av nacke/skulderbesvär var manuell hantering > 50 N > 60 min / dag RR = 1.7 (95% CI 1.0-2.9) och natt/skiftarbete RR = 1.7 (95% CI 1.0- 2.8). Den relativa risken ökade med antalet exponeringar (RRs 1.7-4.8). För kvinnor identifierades inga riskfaktorer.

I det tredje delarbetet bestod studiepopulationen av personer i arbete med självskattade nacke/skulderbesvär vid baslinjen, n = 803. Resultaten visade att vid uppföljningen hade 44 % av männen och 33 % av kvinnor blivit av med besvären. De med sittande arbete > 75 % av arbetstiden hade en ökad relativ chans (RC) att återhämta sig (RC = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.0-1.7). Chansen att återhämta sig var lägst för de med minst två av följande tre biomekaniska exponeringar: manuell hantering > 50 N > 60 min / dag , arbete med händer över axelhöjd > 60 min / dag , och arbete med vibrerande verktyg > 30 min / dag (RC = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.4-0.9).

I det fjärde delarbetet bestod studiepopulationen av personer i arbete som vid baslinjen hade sökt vård på grund av besvär i nacke/skuldra eller ländrygg, n = 492. Syftet med studien var att studera effekten av olika ergonomiska åtgärder med avseende på smärta och funktionsnedsättning. Resultaten visade att prognosen var sämre för dem som fick individåtgärder jämfört med dem som inte fick några ergonomiska åtgärder alls under uppföljningstiden. Prognosen var densamma för dem som fick arbetsplatsåtgärder jämfört med dem som inte fick några ergonomiska åtgärder alls.

Sammanfattningsvis identifierades i denna avhandling exponeringar i arbetet som ökade risken att drabbas av nacke/skulderbesvär. Den ökade risken sågs bara hos män. Däremot visade avhandlingen att exponeringar i arbetet påverkar prognosen för såväl män som kvinnor. Ergonomiska interventioner verkar vara ineffektiva med avseende på smärta och funktionsnedsättning.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: Karolinska Institutet, 2006. p. 68
Keywords
biomechanics, epidemiology, ergonomics, incidence, low back pain, neck/shoulder pain, occupational health, physical load, prognosis, psychosocial factors, sickness absence, work, work organization., arbete, arbetsorganisation, biomekanik, epidemiologi, ergonomi, fysisk belastning, incidence, ländrygg, nacke/skuldra, prognos, psykosociala faktorer, smärta, sjukskrivning, yrkesmedicin.
National Category
Occupational Health and Environmental Health Physiotherapy
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:du-51821 (URN)91-7140-848-7 (ISBN)
Available from: 2025-11-18 Created: 2025-11-18 Last updated: 2025-11-18Bibliographically approved

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