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The investigation on the remains of Christina of Sweden (1626-1689): rereading the report of the Swedish anthropologist Carl Herman Hjortsjö (1914-1978) for a new perspective in the Queen’s historiography
Studio Firmano for the History of Medicine and Science, Fermo, Italy.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4218-056X
Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome, Italy.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9741-7838
Dalarna University, School of Language, Literatures and Learning, Italian. (ISLL)ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0979-4129
2026 (English)In: Medicina nei secoli: Journal of history of medicine and medical humanities, E-ISSN 2531-7288, Vol. 38, no 2, p. 117-128Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The tomb of Queen Christina of Sweden (1626-1689), buried among the Popes at the Vatican Basilica, was reopened in 1965. Her remains were examined by the Swedish anatomist and anthropologist Carl Herman Hjortsjö (1914-1978) from the University of Lund. In 1966 he published a detailed report on the medical-anthropological investigation where he denied the question of the Queen’s intersexuality, improperly theorised by the gynaecologist Elis Essen-Moller and the literary critic Sven Stolpe, with the objective results of his investigations: the Queen’s remains were typically female in structure, features and size. The aim of this article is to restore the scientific value of Hjortsjö’s study, rarely cited in the historiography about the Queen, despite its importance.  The report re-establishes her female gender as an indisputable organic fact and suggests the formulation of other hypothesis on the Queen’s male behaviour as a modern attitude to managing power in a world dominated by males.

Abstract [it]

La tomba della regina Cristina di Svezia (1626-1689), sepolta tra i papi nella Basilica Vaticana, fu riaperta nel 1965. I suoi resti furono esaminati dall'anatomista e antropologo svedese Carl Herman Hjortsjö (1914-1978) dell'Università di Lund. Nel 1966 pubblicò un resoconto dettagliato dell'indagine medico-antropologica in cui confutava l'ipotesi di intersessualità della regina, teorizzata impropriamente dal ginecologo Elis Essen-Moller e dal critico letterario Sven Stolpe, con i risultati oggettivi delle sue indagini: i resti della regina erano tipicamente femminili per struttura, caratteristiche e dimensioni. L'obiettivo di questo articolo è restituire valore scientifico allo studio di Hjortsjö, raramente citato nella storiografia sulla regina, nonostante la sua importanza. Il rapporto ristabilisce il genere femminile come fatto organico indiscutibile e suggerisce la formulazione di altre ipotesi sul comportamento maschile della Regina come atteggiamento moderno di gestione del potere in un mondo dominato dagli uomini.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Roma: Sapienza-Università di Roma , 2026. Vol. 38, no 2, p. 117-128
Keywords [en]
Queen Christina of Sweden’ remains, Carl Herman Hjortsjö, Hermaphroditism, Gender history, Medical historiography
Keywords [it]
Cristina di Svezia, Carl Herman Hjortsjö, Ermafroditismo, Storia di genere, Storiografia medica
National Category
History of Science and Ideas
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:du-54364DOI: 10.13133/2531-7288/3336Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105046840800OAI: oai:DiVA.org:du-54364DiVA, id: diva2:2090704
Available from: 2026-08-08 Created: 2026-08-08 Last updated: 2026-08-28Bibliographically approved

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Nigrisoli Wärnhjelm, Vera

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